King James Version

What Does Numbers 30:9 Mean?

Numbers 30:9 in the King James Version says “But every vow of a widow, and of her that is divorced, wherewith they have bound their souls, shall stand against her. — study this verse from Numbers chapter 30 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But every vow of a widow, and of her that is divorced, wherewith they have bound their souls, shall stand against her.

Numbers 30:9 · KJV


Context

7

And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her in the day that he heard it: then her vows shall stand, and her bonds wherewith she bound her soul shall stand.

8

But if her husband disallowed her on the day that he heard it; then he shall make her vow which she vowed, and that which she uttered with her lips, wherewith she bound her soul, of none effect: and the LORD shall forgive her.

9

But every vow of a widow, and of her that is divorced, wherewith they have bound their souls, shall stand against her.

10

And if she vowed in her husband's house, or bound her soul by a bond with an oath;

11

And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her, and disallowed her not: then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she bound her soul shall stand.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The exception that widows' and divorced women's vows stood binding ('But every vow of a widow, and of her that is divorced...shall stand against her') recognized their independent status without male oversight. This demonstrates biblical law's nuance—general patriarchal oversight had exceptions for women without husbands. Such women bore direct accountability before God for their vows, without male mediation. This reveals that biblical patriarchy was never absolute but adapted to varying circumstances while maintaining accountability structures.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Widows and divorced women in ancient Israel had greater independence than married women, owning property and making contracts. Scripture frequently mentions God's special concern for widows, commanding their protection (Exodus 22:22, Isaiah 1:17). The New Testament continued this emphasis (James 1:27, 1 Timothy 5:3-16). The early church developed widow-support systems recognizing their unique social position. This verse's acknowledgment of their independent vow-making capacity reflects their social-legal status.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Scripture's concern for widows and other vulnerable people reflect God's character?
  2. What does the variation in authority structures (married vs. widowed) teach about applying biblical principles contextually?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וְנֵ֥דֶר1 of 10

But every vow

H5088

a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised

אַלְמָנָ֖ה2 of 10

of a widow

H490

a widow; also a desolate place

וּגְרוּשָׁ֑ה3 of 10

and of her that is divorced

H1644

to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce

כֹּ֛ל4 of 10
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁר5 of 10
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אָֽסְרָ֥ה6 of 10

wherewith they have bound

H631

to yoke or hitch; by analogy, to fasten in any sense, to join battle

עַל7 of 10
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

נַפְשָׁ֖הּ8 of 10

their souls

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

יָק֥וּם9 of 10

shall stand

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

עָלֶֽיהָ׃10 of 10
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 30:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 30:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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