King James Version

What Does Nahum 3:10 Mean?

Nahum 3:10 in the King James Version says “Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity: her young children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the s... — study this verse from Nahum chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity: her young children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets: and they cast lots for her honourable men, and all her great men were bound in chains.

Nahum 3:10 · KJV


Context

8

Art thou better than populous No, that was situate among the rivers, that had the waters round about it, whose rampart was the sea, and her wall was from the sea? populous: or, nourishing, etc: Heb. No Amon

9

Ethiopia and Egypt were her strength, and it was infinite ; Put and Lubim were thy helpers. thy helpers: Heb. in thy help

10

Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity: her young children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets: and they cast lots for her honourable men, and all her great men were bound in chains.

11

Thou also shalt be drunken: thou shalt be hid, thou also shalt seek strength because of the enemy.

12

All thy strong holds shall be like fig trees with the firstripe figs: if they be shaken, they shall even fall into the mouth of the eater.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity (gam-hi lagolah halekah bashevi)—despite all advantages and allies, Thebes went into exile (golah, גֹּלָה) and captivity (shevi, שֶׁבִי). Her young children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets (gam olaleyha yeruttechu berosh kol-chutzot)—even infants were dashed (ratash, רָטַשׁ) at street corners. This horrific detail describes Assyria's own brutal warfare tactics, now recalled to demonstrate what awaits Nineveh.

And they cast lots for her honourable men, and all her great men were bound in chains (ve'al-nikhbadeyha yaddû goral vekhol-gedoleyha rattqu baziqim)—nobles (nikbad, נִכְבָּד) were divided by lot (goral, גּוֹרָל) like property, and great men (gadol, גָּדוֹל) were bound in chains (ziqqim, זִקִּים). This was Thebes' fate at Assyria's hands. The implied warning: Nineveh will suffer identically. The nation that showed no mercy in conquest will receive none. Divine justice operates on the principle: as you did, so shall be done to you.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Assyrian warfare included systematic atrocities. Their own annals describe dashing children against stones, enslaving populations, dividing nobles as spoils, and binding leaders in chains for public humiliation. When Ashurbanipal conquered Thebes in 663 BC, these horrors were inflicted on Egypt's ancient capital. The city never fully recovered. Nahum's prophecy announces Nineveh will experience identical treatment—and history confirms it. In 612 BC, Babylon showed Nineveh the same mercy Assyria had shown others: none. The principle Jesus later taught was demonstrated: 'With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again' (Matthew 7:2). Assyria measured out cruelty; cruelty was measured back.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the graphic detail about children being killed demonstrate the full horror of warfare and sin's consequences?
  2. What does the principle of measure-for-measure judgment teach about God's justice and moral governance of history?
  3. How should Christians balance the justice of God's retribution with grief over human suffering and the call to show mercy?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
גַּם1 of 19
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

הִ֗יא2 of 19
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

לַגֹּלָה֙3 of 19

Yet was she carried away

H1473

exile; concretely and collectively exiles

הָלְכָ֣ה4 of 19

she went

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

בַשֶּׁ֔בִי5 of 19

into captivity

H7628

exiled; captured; as noun, exile (abstractly or concretely and collectively); by extension, booty

גַּ֧ם6 of 19
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

עֹלָלֶ֛יהָ7 of 19

her young children

H5768

a suckling

יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ8 of 19

also were dashed in pieces

H7376

to dash down

בְּרֹ֣אשׁ9 of 19

at the top

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

כָּל10 of 19
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

חוּצ֑וֹת11 of 19

of all the streets

H2351

properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors

וְעַל12 of 19
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

נִכְבַּדֶּ֙יהָ֙13 of 19

for her honourable men

H3513

to be heavy, i.e., in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable); causatively, to make weighty (in the same

יַדּ֣וּ14 of 19

and they cast

H3032

properly, to handle, i.e., to throw, e.g., lots

גוֹרָ֔ל15 of 19

lots

H1486

properly, a pebble, i.e., a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)

וְכָל16 of 19
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

גְּדוֹלֶ֖יהָ17 of 19

and all her great men

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

רֻתְּק֥וּ18 of 19

were bound

H7576

to fasten

בַזִּקִּֽים׃19 of 19

in chains

H2131

properly, what leaps forth, i.e., flash of fire, or a burning arrow; also (from the original sense of the root) a bond


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Nahum. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Nahum 3:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Nahum 3:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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