King James Version

What Does Matthew 11:17 Mean?

Matthew 11:17 in the King James Version says “And saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented.

Matthew 11:17 · KJV


Context

15

He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.

16

But whereunto shall I liken this generation? It is like unto children sitting in the markets, and calling unto their fellows,

17

And saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented.

18

For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, He hath a devil.

19

The Son of man came eating and drinking, and they say, Behold a man gluttonous, and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners. But wisdom is justified of her children.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
'For verily I say unto you, That many prophets and righteous men have desired to see those things which ye see, and have not seen them; and to hear those things which ye hear, and have not heard them.' Jesus elevates His disciples' privilege even higher: they witness what Old Testament saints longed to see but couldn't. The 'prophets and righteous men' include Abraham, Moses, David, Isaiah, Daniel—spiritual giants who received and transmitted God's Word, yet lived in the era of promise rather than fulfillment. They prophesied Messiah, anticipated His salvation, longed for His appearing—but died before His incarnation. The verb 'desired' (ἐπεθύμησαν/epethymēsan) indicates intense longing, passionate yearning. Peter echoes this: prophets 'searched diligently' and angels 'desire to look into' what believers now experience (1 Peter 1:10-12). What do disciples see that prophets couldn't? Jesus in the flesh, miracles demonstrating His deity, His teaching, His death and resurrection, His indwelling Spirit. Reformed theology calls this 'progressive revelation'—God revealed truth gradually, culminating in Christ (Hebrews 1:1-2). Old Testament saints were saved the same way (by grace through faith in God's promises), but believers now enjoy fuller revelation and clearer understanding.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Old Testament figures operated under 'types and shadows' (Hebrews 10:1)—they practiced sacrifices pointing to Christ, celebrated festivals foreshadowing His work, followed laws illustrating holiness, heard prophecies predicting His coming. They possessed genuine salvation but incomplete revelation. Abraham 'rejoiced to see Christ's day' (John 8:56)—through promise and vision, not physical presence. Moses wrote of Christ (John 5:46), but Christ hadn't yet come. David called Messiah 'Lord' (Matthew 22:41-45), but didn't meet Him. Isaiah saw His glory (John 12:41), but prophetically, not historically. These faithful saints died 'not having received the promises' (Hebrews 11:13, 39), looking forward in faith. Jesus's disciples, by contrast, walked with incarnate God, witnessed His works, heard His teaching directly, saw Him crucified and resurrected. The writer of Hebrews emphasizes believers' superior position under new covenant (Hebrews 8-10). This doesn't mean Old Testament saints were lost—they're now with Christ (Hebrews 12:22-24)—but that believers in Christ's post-resurrection church enjoy privileges they anticipated but didn't experience during earthly life.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding that prophets longed to see what you have in Christ deepen your appreciation for salvation?
  2. What specific privileges do you possess that even great Old Testament saints lacked?
  3. How should this perspective affect your Bible reading—especially when Old Testament saints model faith despite less revelation than you have?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
καὶ1 of 12

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

λέγουσιν2 of 12

saying

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Ηὐλήσαμεν3 of 12

We have piped

G832

to play the flute

ὑμῖν,4 of 12

unto you

G5213

to (with or by) you

καὶ5 of 12

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οὐκ6 of 12

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ὠρχήσασθε7 of 12

danced

G3738

to dance (from the ranklike or regular motion)

ἐθρηνήσαμεν8 of 12

we have mourned

G2354

to bewail

ὑμῖν,9 of 12

unto you

G5213

to (with or by) you

καὶ10 of 12

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οὐκ11 of 12

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἐκόψασθε12 of 12

lamented

G2875

to "chop"; specially, to beat the breast in grief


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 11:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 11:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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