King James Version

What Does Matthew 10:6 Mean?

Matthew 10:6 in the King James Version says “But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

Matthew 10:6 · KJV


Context

4

Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.

5

These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not:

6

But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

7

And as ye go, preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand.

8

Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have received, freely give.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus restricts the mission: 'go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not: But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel' (εις οδον εθνων μη απελθητε και εις πολιν Σαμαριτων μη εισελθητε πορευεσθε δε μαλλον προς τα προβατα τα απολωλοτα οικου Ισραηλ). This temporary restriction (later reversed in 28:19) reflects salvation history's order: 'to the Jew first' (Romans 1:16). Israel received God's covenants, law, and promises; they get first opportunity to receive Messiah. 'Lost sheep of the house of Israel' evokes God's shepherd imagery (Ezekiel 34). Despite Israel's covenant privilege, they're lost and need the Shepherd. The restriction is strategic, not ethnic favoritism—Jesus must offer Himself to Israel before extending salvation to nations. Their rejection becomes grounds for Gentile inclusion (Romans 11).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish-Samaritan hostility dated to the Assyrian conquest (722 BC) when foreigners intermarried with remaining Israelites, creating mixed-race Samaritans with syncretistic worship. Jews considered Samaritans heretics and half-breeds, avoiding contact. Gentiles were 'unclean' outsiders to God's covenant. Jesus' restriction to Israel reflects His primary mission: offering Himself as Jewish Messiah to covenant people. After resurrection, the Great Commission (28:19) sends disciples to all nations. Acts chronicles this expansion: Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, ends of earth (Acts 1:8). Paul's missionary pattern likewise prioritized synagogues before turning to Gentiles.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why did Jesus temporarily restrict the gospel to Israel before opening it to all nations?
  2. What does the phrase 'lost sheep of the house of Israel' reveal about Israel's spiritual condition?
  3. How does understanding salvation history's progression help us interpret Scripture's particularistic and universal themes?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
πορεύεσθε1 of 10

go

G4198

to traverse, i.e., travel (literally or figuratively; especially to remove (figuratively, die), live, etc.)

δὲ2 of 10

But

G1161

but, and, etc

μᾶλλον3 of 10

rather

G3123

(adverbially) more (in a greater degree)) or rather

πρὸς4 of 10

to

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

τὰ5 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πρόβατα6 of 10

sheep

G4263

something that walks forward (a quadruped), i.e., (specially), a sheep (literally or figuratively)

τὰ7 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀπολωλότα8 of 10

the lost

G622

to destroy fully (reflexively, to perish, or lose), literally or figuratively

οἴκου9 of 10

of the house

G3624

a dwelling (more or less extensive, literal or figurative); by implication, a family (more or less related, literally or figuratively)

Ἰσραήλ10 of 10

of Israel

G2474

israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 10:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 10:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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