King James Version

What Does Mark 3:16 Mean?

Mark 3:16 in the King James Version says “And Simon he surnamed Peter; — study this verse from Mark chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And Simon he surnamed Peter;

Mark 3:16 · KJV


Context

14

And he ordained twelve, that they should be with him, and that he might send them forth to preach,

15

And to have power to heal sicknesses, and to cast out devils:

16

And Simon he surnamed Peter;

17

And James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and he surnamed them Boanerges, which is, The sons of thunder:

18

And Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Canaanite,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Simon surnamed 'Peter' (Πέτρος) receives new identity. 'Peter' means 'rock' (from πέτρα), indicating stability, though Peter often showed instability (impulsiveness, denial). Jesus' naming demonstrates transformative grace—He calls us not based on current character but on what He will make us. Peter becomes spokesperson and leader among apostles, though not superior in authority. Peter's prominent position reflects bold personality and Jesus' sovereign choice.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

'Simon' was common Jewish name (Hebrew Simeon). Jesus gave Aramaic name 'Cephas' (כֵּיפָא), translated to Greek 'Peter.' Name-changing signified new identity and mission (Abram to Abraham, Jacob to Israel, Saul to Paul). Peter became primary spokesman in early church (Acts 1-12), wrote two epistles, and according to tradition was martyred in Rome under Nero. Church tradition identifies Mark's Gospel as based on Peter's eyewitness testimony.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus' renaming of Simon encourage you that God transforms character?
  2. What new identity has Christ given you that doesn't yet match current character?
  3. How does Peter's leadership despite flaws demonstrate God's grace in using imperfect servants?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 6 words
καὶ1 of 6

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐπέθηκεν2 of 6

he surnamed

G2007

to impose (in a friendly or hostile sense)

τῷ3 of 6
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Σίμωνι4 of 6

Simon

G4613

simon (i.e., shimon), the name of nine israelites

ὄνομα5 of 6
G3686

a "name" (literally or figuratively) (authority, character)

Πέτρον6 of 6

Peter

G4074

a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 3:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 3:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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