King James Version

What Does Joshua 24:9 Mean?

Joshua 24:9 in the King James Version says “Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and warred against Israel, and sent and called Balaam the son of Beor ... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 24 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and warred against Israel, and sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you:

Joshua 24:9 · KJV


Context

7

And when they cried unto the LORD, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness a long season.

8

And I brought you into the land of the Amorites, which dwelt on the other side Jordan; and they fought with you: and I gave them into your hand, that ye might possess their land; and I destroyed them from before you.

9

Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and warred against Israel, and sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you:

10

But I would not hearken unto Balaam; therefore he blessed you still: so I delivered you out of his hand.

11

And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab...sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you—this incident (Numbers 22-24) reveals spiritual warfare beyond military conflict. Balak (בָּלָק) hired the prophet-diviner Balaam (בִּלְעָם) to curse Israel, attempting to defeat them through supernatural means. The verb qara (קָרָא, to call/summon) indicates Balak's desperation—unable to defeat Israel militarily, he sought occult assistance.

Balaam's attempted curse represents satanic opposition to God's elect people. Though Balaam desired reward (2 Peter 2:15, Jude 11), God prevented him from cursing Israel. Instead, he prophesied blessing, including the Messianic oracle: 'There shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel' (Numbers 24:17). This demonstrates that no weapon formed against God's people can prosper (Isaiah 54:17)—even enemy curses become blessings.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Balaam incident occurred around 1406 BC as Israel camped on the plains of Moab, preparing to enter Canaan (Numbers 22:1). Balak, king of Moab, feared Israel after their defeat of the Amorites. Balaam, from Pethor near the Euphrates River (Numbers 22:5), was a renowned diviner. An archaeological inscription from Deir Alla (Jordan, 8th century BC) mentions 'Balaam son of Beor, the seer of the gods,' confirming his historical existence. Though initially prevented from cursing Israel, Balaam later advised Moab to seduce Israel into idolatry (Numbers 25:1-3, 31:16), leading to his death (Numbers 31:8).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Balak's hiring of Balaam reveal spiritual warfare beyond physical military threats?
  2. What does God's transformation of Balaam's intended curse into blessing teach about divine sovereignty over enemy schemes?
  3. How do the New Testament warnings about 'the way of Balaam' (2 Peter 2:15, Jude 11) apply to Christians today?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וַיָּ֨קָם1 of 15

arose

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

בָּלָ֤ק2 of 15

Then Balak

H1111

balak, a moabitish king

בֶּן3 of 15

the son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

צִפּוֹר֙4 of 15

of Zippor

H6834

tsippor, a moabite

מֶ֣לֶךְ5 of 15

king

H4428

a king

מוֹאָ֔ב6 of 15

of Moab

H4124

moab, an incestuous son of lot; also his territory and descendants

וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם7 of 15

and warred

H3898

to feed on; figuratively, to consume

בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל8 of 15

against Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח9 of 15

and sent

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

וַיִּקְרָ֛א10 of 15

and called

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

לְבִלְעָ֥ם11 of 15

Balaam

H1109

bilam, a place in palestine

בֶּן12 of 15

the son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

בְּע֖וֹר13 of 15

of Beor

H1160

beor, the name of the father of an edomitish king; also of that of balaam

לְקַלֵּ֥ל14 of 15

to curse

H7043

to be (causatively, make) light, literally (swift, small, sharp, etc.) or figuratively (easy, trifling, vile, etc.)

אֶתְכֶֽם׃15 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 24:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 24:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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