King James Version

What Does Job 24:3 Mean?

Job 24:3 in the King James Version says “They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow's ox for a pledge. — study this verse from Job chapter 24 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow's ox for a pledge.

Job 24:3 · KJV


Context

1

Why, seeing times are not hidden from the Almighty, do they that know him not see his days?

2

Some remove the landmarks; they violently take away flocks, and feed thereof. feed: or, feed them

3

They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow's ox for a pledge.

4

They turn the needy out of the way: the poor of the earth hide themselves together.

5

Behold, as wild asses in the desert, go they forth to their work; rising betimes for a prey: the wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
They drive away the ass of the fatherless—The Hebrew yatom (יָתוֹם, fatherless) and almanah (אַלְמָנָה, widow) represent society's most vulnerable members, those without male protection in patriarchal culture. The donkey was essential for the poor person's livelihood—used for transportation, farming, and carrying goods. Seizing it condemned the fatherless to destitution. Exodus 22:22-24 explicitly forbids afflicting widows and orphans, promising divine wrath against violators.

They take the widow's ox for a pledge (יַחְבְּלוּ, yachbelú) uses the verb chabal, meaning to take as security or collateral. Mosaic law regulated pledges carefully: creditors couldn't enter homes to seize pledges (Deuteronomy 24:10-11), couldn't keep a poor person's cloak overnight (Exodus 22:26-27), and specifically prohibited taking millstones—tools necessary for daily bread (Deuteronomy 24:6). Taking a widow's ox as pledge violated all these principles—it was her means of plowing, threshing, and survival. This wasn't legitimate lending but legal extortion, using the law as oppression's instrument.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern law codes (Hammurabi, Hittite) regulated debt and pledges, but Israel's covenant law uniquely prioritized protecting the vulnerable. Widows and orphans lacked legal advocates in patriarchal society—their exploitation was endemic unless covenant community enforced protective law. Job's complaint exposes the gap between law's existence and its enforcement, a problem Jesus later condemned in Pharisaic practice (Mark 12:40—devouring widows' houses).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your church or community protect modern equivalents of widows and orphans—single mothers, refugees, the elderly?
  2. What does it mean that God 'hears the cry' of the exploited (Exodus 22:23) even when human courts fail?
  3. How can believers ensure financial transactions don't exploit vulnerable people who lack negotiating power?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
חֲמ֣וֹר1 of 6

the ass

H2543

a male ass (from its dun red)

יְתוֹמִ֣ים2 of 6

of the fatherless

H3490

a bereaved person

יִנְהָ֑גוּ3 of 6

They drive away

H5090

to drive forth (a person, an animal or chariot), also (from the panting induced by effort), to sigh

יַ֝חְבְּל֗וּ4 of 6

for a pledge

H2254

to wind tightly (as a rope), i.e., to bind; specifically, by a pledge; figuratively, to pervert, destroy; also to writhe in pain (especially of partur

שׁ֣וֹר5 of 6

ox

H7794

a bullock (as a traveller)

אַלְמָנָֽה׃6 of 6

the widow's

H490

a widow; also a desolate place


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 24:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 24:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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