King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 24:17 Mean?

Deuteronomy 24:17 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge: — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 24 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge:

Deuteronomy 24:17 · KJV


Context

15

At his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the LORD, and it be sin unto thee. setteth: Heb. lifteth his soul unto it

16

The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin.

17

Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge:

18

But thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee thence: therefore I command thee to do this thing.

19

When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Protecting vulnerable: 'Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge.' Three vulnerable groups—immigrants ('stranger'), orphans ('fatherless'), widows—require protection. 'Pervert judgment' (תַּטֶּה מִשְׁפַּט, tateh mishpat) means 'twist justice'—withholding legal rights. Taking widow's garment as pledge (collateral for debt) leaves her exposed/humiliated. These powerless people lack advocates; God advocates for them. The law ensures justice isn't privilege of powerful but right of all, especially vulnerable. This reflects God's character: 'Father of the fatherless, and a judge of the widows' (Psalm 68:5). Oppressing them invites divine judgment.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient societies offered little protection for vulnerable. Widows, orphans, and foreigners lacked tribal/family protection, making them easy exploitation targets. Prophets repeatedly condemned Israel for oppressing these groups (Isaiah 1:17; 10:1-2; Jeremiah 7:6; Zechariah 7:10; Malachi 3:5). Job defended himself by claiming he protected them (Job 29:12-13; 31:16-21). James defines 'pure religion' as caring for 'widows and orphans in their affliction' (James 1:27). Early church developed charity systems protecting vulnerable (Acts 6:1-6; 1 Timothy 5:3-16). Caring for powerless demonstrates godliness.

Reflection Questions

  1. Who are today's equivalents of 'stranger, fatherless, widow'—the vulnerable lacking advocates?
  2. How do churches ensure justice and care for vulnerable rather than only serving powerful/wealthy?
  3. What does God's special concern for vulnerable teach about His character and our obligation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
לֹ֣א1 of 9
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תַטֶּ֔ה2 of 9

Thou shalt not pervert

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)

מִשְׁפַּ֖ט3 of 9

the judgment

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

גֵּ֣ר4 of 9

of the stranger

H1616

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

יָת֑וֹם5 of 9

nor of the fatherless

H3490

a bereaved person

וְלֹ֣א6 of 9
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תַֽחֲבֹ֔ל7 of 9

nor take

H2254

to wind tightly (as a rope), i.e., to bind; specifically, by a pledge; figuratively, to pervert, destroy; also to writhe in pain (especially of partur

בֶּ֖גֶד8 of 9

raiment

H899

a covering, i.e., clothing

אַלְמָנָֽה׃9 of 9

a widow's

H490

a widow; also a desolate place


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 24:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 24:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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