King James Version

What Does Job 21:10 Mean?

Job 21:10 in the King James Version says “Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf. — study this verse from Job chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf.

Job 21:10 · KJV


Context

8

Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes.

9

Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon them. safe: Heb. peace from

10

Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf.

11

They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their children dance.

12

They take the timbrel and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the organ.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Their bull gendereth, and faileth not (שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר וְלֹא יַגְעִל, shoro ibbar velo yag'il)—Job continues describing wicked prosperity with agricultural imagery. The verb abar (עָבַר) means to impregnate or cover (the cow), while ga'al (גָעַל) means to fail, abort, or miscarry. Perfect livestock reproduction represented divine blessing (Exodus 23:26, Deuteronomy 7:14).

Their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf (פָּרָתוֹ תְפַלֵּט וְלֹא תְשַׁכֵּל, parato tephallet velo teshakkel)—Palet (פָּלַט) means to give birth or bring forth, while shakol (שָׁכַל) means to miscarry or be bereaved. The wicked experience agricultural prosperity that ancient theology attributed to covenant faithfulness. Job systematically demonstrates that observable reality contradicts retribution theology. Livestock fertility, family prosperity (v. 8), and domestic security (v. 9) all belonged to the wicked, not just the righteous.

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Historical & Cultural Context

In the ancient agrarian economy, livestock fertility directly determined survival and prosperity. The Mosaic covenant promised fertile herds as blessing for obedience (Deuteronomy 28:4, 11) and barrenness as curse for disobedience (Deuteronomy 28:18). Job observes that the wicked enjoy covenant blessings despite lacking covenant faithfulness. This observation forced a more complex understanding of divine providence than simple retribution theology allowed.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you process when people who mock God experience 'blessed' circumstances—successful careers, healthy families, financial prosperity?
  2. What does this verse teach about the danger of using circumstances as the sole measure of divine favor?
  3. How might temporal prosperity for the wicked serve God's purposes even while ultimate judgment remains certain?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
שׁוֹר֣וֹ1 of 8

Their bull

H7794

a bullock (as a traveller)

עִ֭בַּר2 of 8

gendereth

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

וְלֹ֣א3 of 8
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יַגְעִ֑ל4 of 8

and faileth

H1602

to detest; by implication, to reject

תְּפַלֵּ֥ט5 of 8

calveth

H6403

to slip out, i.e., escape; causatively, to deliver

פָּ֝רָת֗וֹ6 of 8

not their cow

H6510

a heifer

וְלֹ֣א7 of 8
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תְשַׁכֵּֽל׃8 of 8

and casteth not her calf

H7921

properly, to miscarry, i.e., suffer abortion; by analogy, to bereave (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 21:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 21:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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