King James Version

What Does Job 12:23 Mean?

Job 12:23 in the King James Version says “He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them again. straiteneth: Heb. ... — study this verse from Job chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them again. straiteneth: Heb. leadeth in

Job 12:23 · KJV


Context

21

He poureth contempt upon princes, and weakeneth the strength of the mighty. weakeneth: or, looseth the girdle of the strong

22

He discovereth deep things out of darkness, and bringeth out to light the shadow of death.

23

He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them again. straiteneth: Heb. leadeth in

24

He taketh away the heart of the chief of the people of the earth, and causeth them to wander in a wilderness where there is no way.

25

They grope in the dark without light, and he maketh them to stagger like a drunken man. stagger: Heb. wander


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
'He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them again.' The verbs form antithetical pairs: 'increaseth' (שַׂגִּיא, saggi) vs. 'destroyeth' (וַיְאַבְּדֵם, vay'abdem), 'enlargeth' (נוֹחֶה, nocheh) vs. 'straiteneth/leadeth away' (וַיַּנְחֵם, vaynchem). Job describes God's sovereign control over empires—raising and razing nations according to His purposes. This echoes Daniel 2:21, Acts 17:26, and anticipates Habakkuk's wrestling with God using wicked Babylon as His instrument. If God governs empires without simple moral causation, why assume He governs individuals that way? Job undermines the friends' theology by appeal to observable history. The Reformed doctrine of God's sovereign governance of history for His glory validates Job's observation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient peoples witnessed empires rise and fall—Egypt, Assyria, Babylon. Job's audience would recognize this pattern and its theological implications about divine sovereignty transcending simple retribution.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's sovereign governance of nations relate to His care for individuals?
  2. What does history's complexity teach us about simplistic formulas for understanding God's ways?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
מַשְׂגִּ֣יא1 of 6

He increaseth

H7679

to grow, i.e., (causatively) to enlarge, (figuratively) laud

לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם2 of 6

the nations

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑ם3 of 6

and destroyeth

H6

properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

שֹׁטֵ֥חַ4 of 6

them he enlargeth

H7849

to expand

לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם5 of 6

the nations

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

וַיַּנְחֵֽם׃6 of 6

and straiteneth

H5148

to guide; by implication, to transport (into exile, or as colonists)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 12:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 12:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study