King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 50:43 Mean?

Jeremiah 50:43 in the King James Version says “The king of Babylon hath heard the report of them, and his hands waxed feeble: anguish took hold of him, and pangs as of... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 50 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The king of Babylon hath heard the report of them, and his hands waxed feeble: anguish took hold of him, and pangs as of a woman in travail.

Jeremiah 50:43 · KJV


Context

41

Behold, a people shall come from the north, and a great nation, and many kings shall be raised up from the coasts of the earth.

42

They shall hold the bow and the lance: they are cruel, and will not shew mercy: their voice shall roar like the sea, and they shall ride upon horses, every one put in array, like a man to the battle, against thee, O daughter of Babylon.

43

The king of Babylon hath heard the report of them, and his hands waxed feeble: anguish took hold of him, and pangs as of a woman in travail.

44

Behold, he shall come up like a lion from the swelling of Jordan unto the habitation of the strong: but I will make them suddenly run away from her: and who is a chosen man, that I may appoint over her? for who is like me? and who will appoint me the time? and who is that shepherd that will stand before me? appoint me: or, convent me to plead?

45

Therefore hear ye the counsel of the LORD, that he hath taken against Babylon; and his purposes, that he hath purposed against the land of the Chaldeans: Surely the least of the flock shall draw them out: surely he shall make their habitation desolate with them.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The king of Babylon hath heard the report of them (שָׁמַע מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל אֶת־שִׁמְעָם, shama melekh-Bavel et-shim'am)—Belshazzar (or Nabonidus) receives intelligence about the advancing coalition. And his hands waxed feeble (וְרָפוּ יָדָיו, v'rafu yadav)—his hands 'became slack,' lost strength. This exact phrase describes demoralized soldiers unable to fight (Jeremiah 6:24, Ezekiel 7:17). Psychological defeat precedes military defeat.

Anguish took hold of him, and pangs as of a woman in travail (צָרָה הֶחֱזִיקַתְהוּ חִיל כַּיּוֹלֵדָה, tsarah hecheziqathu chil kayyoledah)—The birth-pangs metaphor again (see 49:24). Jeremiah uses it repeatedly for inescapable, all-consuming terror. Daniel 5 dramatically depicts Belshazzar's panic: the handwriting on the wall, knees knocking together (Daniel 5:5-6). That very night Babylon fell (539 BC). The prophecy specified not just military defeat but rulers' personal terror—fulfilled to the detail. God's word is surgically precise.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Belshazzar hosted a feast even as Cyrus's forces approached (Daniel 5:1). His bravado masked fear—the very fear Jeremiah prophesied. When the handwriting appeared, his terror became visible (Daniel 5:6). That night, Medo-Persian soldiers entered via the river channel, killed Belshazzar, and Darius took the kingdom (Daniel 5:30-31).

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does God detail the psychological terror of judged rulers—what purpose does this serve?
  2. How does the fulfillment of specific details (hands weakened, birth pangs) validate prophetic inspiration?
  3. What does Belshazzar's false confidence before sudden terror teach about presumption in face of warnings?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
שָׁמַ֧ע1 of 11

hath heard

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

מֶֽלֶךְ2 of 11

The king

H4428

a king

בָּבֶ֛ל3 of 11

of Babylon

H894

babel (i.e., babylon), including babylonia and the babylonian empire

אֶת4 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שִׁמְעָ֖ם5 of 11

the report

H8088

something heard, i.e., a sound, rumor, announcement; abstractly, audience

וְרָפ֣וּ6 of 11

waxed feeble

H7503

to slacken (in many applications, literal or figurative)

יָדָ֑יו7 of 11

of them and his hands

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

צָרָה֙8 of 11

anguish

H6869

transitively, a female rival

הֶחֱזִיקַ֔תְהוּ9 of 11

took hold

H2388

to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra

חִ֖יל10 of 11

of him and pangs

H2427

a throe (expectant of childbirth)

כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃11 of 11

as of a woman in travail

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 50:43 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 50:43 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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