King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 49:34 Mean?

Jeremiah 49:34 in the King James Version says “The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against Elam in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Ju... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 49 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against Elam in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying,

Jeremiah 49:34 · KJV


Context

32

And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them that are in the utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides thereof, saith the LORD. in: Heb. cut off into corners, or, that have the corners of their hair polled

33

And Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons, and a desolation for ever: there shall no man abide there, nor any son of man dwell in it.

34

The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against Elam in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying,

35

Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might.

36

And upon Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters of heaven, and will scatter them toward all those winds; and there shall be no nation whither the outcasts of Elam shall not come.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against Elam (אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר־יְהוָה אֶל־יִרְמְיָהוּ הַנָּבִיא אֶל־עֵילָם, asher hayah d'var-YHWH el-Yirmeyahu hannavi el-Elam)—A new oracle begins. Elam (southwest Iran) was an ancient civilization east of Babylon, periodically allied with or against Mesopotamian powers. The prophetic word specifically against (el) Elam indicates judgment, not blessing.

In the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah (בְּרֵאשִׁית מַלְכוּת צִדְקִיָּהוּ, b're'shit malkhut Tzidqiyyahu)—This dates the oracle to 597 BC, shortly after Jehoiachin's exile and Zedekiah's installation by Babylon. Elam had recently participated in Babylonian campaigns, but God's word announces their own coming judgment. The timing is significant: while Judah faces Babylon's wrath, God reveals that even Babylon's allies will eventually fall—no human alliance offers lasting security against divine decrees.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Elam was located in modern Khuzestan (southwestern Iran). They had been conquered by Assyria (645 BC) but remained culturally distinct. Under Neo-Babylonian rule, Elamites served as mercenaries and allies. Cyrus the Persian (an Elamite-related Achaemenid) would eventually conquer Babylon in 539 BC, ironically fulfilling this prophecy's promise of restoration (v. 39).

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does God pronounce judgment on Elam, a nation seemingly peripheral to Israel's story?
  2. What does the specific dating of this oracle teach about the historical precision of biblical prophecy?
  3. How does God's judgment of Babylon's allies demonstrate that no human coalition can withstand His purposes?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
אֲשֶׁ֨ר1 of 15
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

הָיָ֧ה2 of 15
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

דְבַר3 of 15

The word

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

יְהוָ֛ה4 of 15

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶל5 of 15
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ6 of 15

that came to Jeremiah

H3414

jirmejah, the name of eight or nine israelites

הַנָּבִ֖יא7 of 15

the prophet

H5030

a prophet or (generally) inspired man

אֶל8 of 15
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

עֵילָ֑ם9 of 15

against Elam

H5867

elam, a son of shem and his descendants, with their country; also of six israelites

בְּרֵאשִׁ֗ית10 of 15

in the beginning

H7225

the first, in place, time, order or rank (specifically, a firstfruit)

מַלְכ֛וּת11 of 15

of the reign

H4438

a rule; concretely, a dominion

צִדְקִיָּ֥ה12 of 15

of Zedekiah

H6667

tsidkijah, the name of six israelites

מֶֽלֶךְ13 of 15

king

H4428

a king

יְהוּדָ֖ה14 of 15

of Judah

H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

לֵאמֹֽר׃15 of 15

saying

H559

to say (used with great latitude)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 49:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 49:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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