King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 48:20 Mean?

Jeremiah 48:20 in the King James Version says “Moab is confounded; for it is broken down: howl and cry; tell ye it in Arnon, that Moab is spoiled, — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 48 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Moab is confounded; for it is broken down: howl and cry; tell ye it in Arnon, that Moab is spoiled,

Jeremiah 48:20 · KJV


Context

18

Thou daughter that dost inhabit Dibon, come down from thy glory, and sit in thirst; for the spoiler of Moab shall come upon thee, and he shall destroy thy strong holds.

19

O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way, and espy; ask him that fleeth, and her that escapeth, and say, What is done? inhabitant: Heb. inhabitress

20

Moab is confounded; for it is broken down: howl and cry; tell ye it in Arnon, that Moab is spoiled,

21

And judgment is come upon the plain country; upon Holon, and upon Jahazah, and upon Mephaath,

22

And upon Dibon, and upon Nebo, and upon Bethdiblathaim,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Moab is confounded; for it is broken down (הֹבִישׁ מוֹאָב כִּי־חַתָּה)—The verb hovish (put to shame/confounded) pairs with chattah (shattered/dismayed). Howl and cry; tell ye it in Arnon, that Moab is spoiled (הֵילִילוּ וְזַעֲקוּ הַגִּידוּ בְאַרְנוֹן כִּי שֻׁדַּד מוֹאָב)—The imperative verbs heylilu (wail/howl) and zaʿaqu (cry out) demand public lamentation. Proclaiming at the Arnon River, Moab's geographic heart, ensures the news spreads throughout the nation.

The language echoes Joel's call to national mourning (Joel 1:5-13). Public confession of judgment serves multiple purposes: acknowledging God's justice, warning others, and potentially moving toward repentance. The repetition of 'spoiled' (shuddad) from v. 15 emphasizes complete devastation—military, economic, and psychological collapse.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Arnon River (modern Wadi Mujib) formed Moab's central artery, a dramatic canyon cutting east-west through the plateau to the Dead Sea. Cities lined its banks, and the valley served as a communication corridor. Proclaiming Moab's fall 'in Arnon' ensured the message reached from the eastern desert to the Dead Sea coast, covering the nation's breadth.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does Scripture sometimes command public proclamation of judgment rather than private mourning?
  2. How do shame and brokenness serve as prerequisites for genuine repentance and restoration?
  3. In what contexts should Christians today 'proclaim' warnings about divine judgment, and how should this be done faithfully?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
הֹבִ֥ישׁ1 of 11

is confounded

H3001

to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)

מוֹאָֽב׃2 of 11

Moab

H4124

moab, an incestuous son of lot; also his territory and descendants

כִּֽי3 of 11
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

חַ֖תָּה4 of 11

for it is broken down

H2865

properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear

הֵילִ֣יליּ׀5 of 11

howl

H3213

to howl (with a wailing tone) or yell (with a boisterous one)

וּֽזְעָ֑קיּ6 of 11

and cry

H2199

to shriek (from anguish or danger); by analogy, (as a herald) to announce or convene publicly

הַגִּ֣ידוּ7 of 11

tell

H5046

properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to

בְאַרְנ֔וֹן8 of 11

ye it in Arnon

H769

the arnon, a river east of the jordan, also its territory

כִּ֥י9 of 11
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

שֻׁדַּ֖ד10 of 11

is spoiled

H7703

properly, to be burly, i.e., (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage

מוֹאָֽב׃11 of 11

Moab

H4124

moab, an incestuous son of lot; also his territory and descendants


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 48:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 48:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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