King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 13:21 Mean?

Jeremiah 13:21 in the King James Version says “What wilt thou say when he shall punish thee? for thou hast taught them to be captains, and as chief over thee: shall no... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

What wilt thou say when he shall punish thee? for thou hast taught them to be captains, and as chief over thee: shall not sorrows take thee, as a woman in travail? punish: Heb visit upon

Jeremiah 13:21 · KJV


Context

19

The cities of the south shall be shut up, and none shall open them: Judah shall be carried away captive all of it, it shall be wholly carried away captive.

20

Lift up your eyes, and behold them that come from the north: where is the flock that was given thee, thy beautiful flock?

21

What wilt thou say when he shall punish thee? for thou hast taught them to be captains, and as chief over thee: shall not sorrows take thee, as a woman in travail? punish: Heb visit upon

22

And if thou say in thine heart, Wherefore come these things upon me? For the greatness of thine iniquity are thy skirts discovered, and thy heels made bare. made: or, shall be violently taken away

23

Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots? then may ye also do good, that are accustomed to do evil. accustomed: Heb. taught


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse announces unexpected reversal: 'What wilt thou say when he shall punish thee? for thou hast taught them to be captain, and as chief over thee.' When punishment comes, what excuse will remain? 'Thou hast taught them' (limmadt otham)—Jerusalem trained her own destroyers! Those she cultivated as 'captain' (alluf, chief, leader) and 'chief' (rosh, head) now rule over her as conquerors. The nations she courted as allies become oppressors. 'Shall not sorrows take thee, as a woman in travail?' Birth pangs (chavalim) picture sudden, inescapable, intensifying pain. Judgment arrives like labor—unavoidable once begun.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Judah's alliance politics—courting Egypt, then Babylon—created the relationships that destroyed her. Nebuchadnezzar, once Judah's suzerain whom they acknowledged, became the instrument of destruction when they rebelled. The nations they trained themselves to trust betrayed that trust. Political maneuvering produced the very enemies who destroyed them.

Reflection Questions

  1. How did Judah 'teach' her oppressors to dominate her through alliance politics?
  2. What does the birth pangs imagery suggest about judgment's inevitability once begun?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
מַה1 of 17
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

תֹּֽאמְרִי֙2 of 17

What wilt thou say

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

כִּֽי3 of 17
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יִפְקֹ֣ד4 of 17

when he shall punish

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

עָלַ֔יִךְ5 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

וְ֠אַתְּ6 of 17
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

לִמַּ֨דְתְּ7 of 17

thee for thou hast taught

H3925

properly, to goad, i.e., (by implication) to teach (the rod being an middle eastern incentive)

אֹתָ֥ם8 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

עָלַ֛יִךְ9 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

אַלֻּפִ֖ים10 of 17

them to be captains

H441

familiar; a friend, also gentle; and so, a chieftain (as notable, like neat cattle)

לְרֹ֑אשׁ11 of 17

and as chief

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

הֲל֤וֹא12 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

חֲבָלִים֙13 of 17

over thee shall not sorrows

H2256

ruin

יֹאחֱז֔וּךְ14 of 17

take

H270

to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in possession)

כְּמ֖וֹ15 of 17
H3644

as, thus, so

אֵ֥שֶׁת16 of 17

thee as a woman

H802

a woman

לֵדָֽה׃17 of 17

in travail

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 13:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 13:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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