King James Version

What Does Isaiah 31:5 Mean?

Isaiah 31:5 in the King James Version says “As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will... — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will preserve it.

Isaiah 31:5 · KJV


Context

3

Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together.

4

For thus hath the LORD spoken unto me, Like as the lion and the young lion roaring on his prey, when a multitude of shepherds is called forth against him, he will not be afraid of their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them: so shall the LORD of hosts come down to fight for mount Zion, and for the hill thereof. noise: or, multitude

5

As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will preserve it.

6

Turn ye unto him from whom the children of Israel have deeply revolted.

7

For in that day every man shall cast away his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which your own hands have made unto you for a sin. his idols of gold: Heb. the idols of his gold


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem (כְּצִפֳּרִים עָפוֹת כֵּן יָגֵן יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָם, ketsipporim afot ken yagen YHWH tseva'ot al-Yerushalaim)—like צִפֳּרִים (tsipporim, birds) עוּף (uf, flying, hovering), Yahweh will גָּנַן (ganan, defend, shield). Defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will preserve it (גָּנוֹן וְהִצִּיל פָּסֹחַ וְהִמְלִיט, ganon vehitsil pasoach vehimlit)—doubling the verbs for emphasis: protecting-He will deliver, passing over-He will rescue.

The metaphor shifts from lion to birds—perhaps eagles hovering over nest (Deuteronomy 32:11) or mother hen sheltering chicks (Matthew 23:37). The verb פָּסַח (pasach, pass over) deliberately evokes Passover (פֶּסַח, Pesach) when God 'passed over' Israelite homes marked with blood, sparing firstborns while judging Egypt (Exodus 12:13). God will 'pass over' Jerusalem—sparing it from judgment that strikes enemies. This is grace in action: defending, delivering, preserving despite unworthiness.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Passover allusion is deliberate. Just as God delivered Israel from Egypt through the Passover lamb, He will deliver Jerusalem from Assyria. The pattern continues: Christ, our Passover (1 Corinthians 5:7), delivers believers from judgment. God's hovering protection and Passover-like sparing characterize His covenant faithfulness throughout redemptive history.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the image of birds hovering protectively differ from the lion imagery, and what does each reveal about God?
  2. What does the Passover language teach about God's protection—grace sparing the undeserving through substitutionary blood?
  3. How does Christ as 'our Passover' connect this Old Testament promise to New Testament salvation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
כְּצִפֳּרִ֣ים1 of 12

As birds

H6833

a little bird (as hopping)

עָפ֔וֹת2 of 12

flying

H5774

to fly; also (by implication of dimness) to faint (from the darkness of swooning)

כֵּ֗ן3 of 12
H3651

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner

גָּנ֥וֹן4 of 12

defend

H1598

to hedge about, i.e., (generally) protect

יְהוָ֥ה5 of 12

so will the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

צְבָא֖וֹת6 of 12

of hosts

H6635

a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci

עַל7 of 12
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם8 of 12

Jerusalem

H3389

jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine

גָּנ֥וֹן9 of 12

defend

H1598

to hedge about, i.e., (generally) protect

וְהִצִּ֖יל10 of 12

also he will deliver

H5337

to snatch away, whether in a good or a bad sense

פָּסֹ֥חַ11 of 12

it and passing over

H6452

to hop, i.e., (figuratively) skip over (or spare); by implication, to hesitate; also (literally) to limp, to dance

וְהִמְלִֽיט׃12 of 12

he will preserve

H4422

properly, to be smooth, i.e., (by implication) to escape (as if by slipperiness); causatively, to release or rescue; specifically, to bring forth youn


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 31:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 31:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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