King James Version

What Does Isaiah 31:3 Mean?

Isaiah 31:3 in the King James Version says “Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand... — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together.

Isaiah 31:3 · KJV


Context

1

Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many; and in horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the LORD!

2

Yet he also is wise, and will bring evil, and will not call back his words: but will arise against the house of the evildoers, and against the help of them that work iniquity. call: Heb. remove

3

Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together.

4

For thus hath the LORD spoken unto me, Like as the lion and the young lion roaring on his prey, when a multitude of shepherds is called forth against him, he will not be afraid of their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them: so shall the LORD of hosts come down to fight for mount Zion, and for the hill thereof. noise: or, multitude

5

As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will preserve it.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Now the Egyptians are men, and not God (וּמִצְרַיִם אָדָם וְלֹא־אֵל, uMitsrayim adam velo-El)—Egyptians are אָדָם (adam, man, mortal) not אֵל (El, God). And their horses flesh, and not spirit (וְסוּסֵיהֶם בָּשָׂר וְלֹא־רוּחַ, vesusehem basar velo-ruach)—horses are בָּשָׂר (basar, flesh) not רוּחַ (ruach, spirit). When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together (וַיהוָה יַטֶּה־יָדוֹ וְכָשַׁל עוֹזֵר וְנָפַל עָזֻר וְיַחְדָּו כֻּלָּם יִכְלָיוּן, vaYHWH yateh-yado vekhshal ozer venafal azur veyachdav kulam yikhlayon).

Isaiah strips away illusions with ontological categories: creature versus Creator, flesh versus spirit. Egypt is merely human; horses are merely flesh—powerful but finite, impressive but mortal. When Yahweh נָטָה (natah, stretches out) His יָד (yad, hand), both helper (עוֹזֵר, ozer) and helped (עָזֻר, azur) will כָּשַׁל (kashal, stumble, fall). The verb כָּלָה (kalah, fail, be consumed, perish) pronounces comprehensive destruction. Psalm 146:3-5 echoes: 'Put not your trust in princes... his breath goeth forth... Happy is he that hath the God of Jacob for his help.'

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Historical & Cultural Context

Egypt's fall to Babylon (605-568 BC) fulfilled this prophecy. Nebuchadnezzar devastated Egypt (Jeremiah 46, Ezekiel 29-32), proving that this ancient superpower was merely flesh. Every empire—Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman—rose and fell. Only Yahweh endures. The contrast between flesh and spirit anticipates Paul's theology (Romans 8:5-9, Galatians 5:16-25).

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'horses and chariots' (impressive but merely flesh) are you tempted to trust instead of the Spirit?
  2. How does recognizing the creature-Creator distinction reorient priorities and trust?
  3. When has something you trusted in (career, relationship, wealth, health) proven to be 'flesh, not spirit'?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וּמִצְרַ֤יִם1 of 18

Now the Egyptians

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

אָדָם֙2 of 18

are men

H120

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

וְֽלֹא3 of 18
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

אֵ֔ל4 of 18

and not God

H410

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)

וְסוּסֵיהֶ֥ם5 of 18

and their horses

H5483

a horse (as leaping)

בָּשָׂ֖ר6 of 18

flesh

H1320

flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of a man

וְלֹא7 of 18
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

ר֑וּחַ8 of 18

and not spirit

H7307

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the

וַֽיהוָ֞ה9 of 18

When the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

יַטֶּ֣ה10 of 18

shall stretch out

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)

יָד֗וֹ11 of 18

his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וְכָשַׁ֤ל12 of 18

shall fall

H3782

to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter, stumble, faint or fall

עָזֻ֔ר13 of 18

and he that is holpen

H5826

to surround, i.e., protect or aid

וְנָפַ֣ל14 of 18

shall fall down

H5307

to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)

עָזֻ֔ר15 of 18

and he that is holpen

H5826

to surround, i.e., protect or aid

וְיַחְדָּ֖ו16 of 18

together

H3162

properly, a unit, i.e., (adverb) unitedly

כֻּלָּ֥ם17 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יִכְלָיֽוּן׃18 of 18

and they all shall fail

H3615

to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 31:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 31:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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