King James Version

What Does Genesis 43:18 Mean?

And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses. seek: Heb. roll himself upon us

Genesis 43:18 · KJV


Context

16

And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the ruler of his house, Bring these men home, and slay , and make ready; for these men shall dine with me at noon. slay: Heb. kill a killing dine: Heb. eat

17

And the man did as Joseph bade; and the man brought the men into Joseph's house.

18

And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses. seek: Heb. roll himself upon us

19

And they came near to the steward of Joseph's house, and they communed with him at the door of the house,

20

And said, O sir, we came indeed down at the first time to buy food: we: Heb. coming down we came down


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said, Because of th... This passage is part of the Joseph narrative, a masterfully crafted account demonstrating God's sovereign providence working through human choices and circumstances to accomplish His redemptive purposes. The Joseph cycle shows how God transforms evil intentions into instruments of salvation.

Central themes include divine providence orchestrating events toward redemptive ends, the testing and refinement of character through suffering and success, forgiveness overcoming betrayal and injustice, and the preservation of God's covenant people through famine. Joseph's rise from slavery to second-in-command of Egypt illustrates how God exalts the humble and uses seeming disasters for ultimate good.

Theologically, these chapters reveal: (1) God's meticulous sovereignty over all events, even evil human actions; (2) suffering as preparation for future service rather than punishment; (3) forgiveness as reflecting divine character and enabling reconciliation; (4) God's covenant faithfulness across generations ensuring the survival and blessing of His people; (5) how present suffering gains meaning when viewed from the perspective of God's larger purposes. Joseph's words "you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good" (50:20) epitomize biblical theodicy and providence.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse contribute to the biblical doctrine of creation, fall, or redemption?
  2. How does this passage challenge modern cultural assumptions about identity, purpose, or morality?
  3. How does understanding Christ as the ultimate fulfillment illuminate this passage's meaning?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 24 words
וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ1 of 24

were afraid

H3372

to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten

הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים2 of 24
H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

כִּ֣י3 of 24
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

מֽוּבָאִ֑ים4 of 24

are we brought in

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

בֵּ֣ית5 of 24

house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

יוֹסֵף֒6 of 24

into Joseph's

H3130

joseph, the name of seven israelites

וַיֹּֽאמְר֗וּ7 of 24

and they said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

עַל8 of 24
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

דְּבַ֤ר9 of 24

Because

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙10 of 24

of the money

H3701

silver (from its pale color); by implication, money

הַשָּׁ֤ב11 of 24

that was returned

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙12 of 24

in our sacks

H572

properly, something expansive, i.e., a bag

בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה13 of 24

at the first time

H8462

a commencement; relatively original (adverb, -ly)

אֲנַ֖חְנוּ14 of 24
H587

we

מֽוּבָאִ֑ים15 of 24

are we brought in

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

לְהִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל16 of 24

that he may seek occasion

H1556

to roll (literally or figuratively)

עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙17 of 24
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

וּלְהִתְנַפֵּ֣ל18 of 24

against us and fall

H5307

to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)

עָלֵ֔ינוּ19 of 24
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

וְלָקַ֧חַת20 of 24

upon us and take

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

אֹתָ֛נוּ21 of 24
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

לַֽעֲבָדִ֖ים22 of 24

us for bondmen

H5650

a servant

וְאֶת23 of 24
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

חֲמֹרֵֽינוּ׃24 of 24

and our asses

H2543

a male ass (from its dun red)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 43:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 43:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study