King James Version

What Does Genesis 31:38 Mean?

Genesis 31:38 in the King James Version says “This twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she goats have not cast their young, and the rams of thy flock... — study this verse from Genesis chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

This twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she goats have not cast their young, and the rams of thy flock have I not eaten.

Genesis 31:38 · KJV


Context

36

And Jacob was wroth, and chode with Laban: and Jacob answered and said to Laban, What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast so hotly pursued after me?

37

Whereas thou hast searched all my stuff, what hast thou found of all thy household stuff? set it here before my brethren and thy brethren, that they may judge betwixt us both. searched: Heb. felt

38

This twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she goats have not cast their young, and the rams of thy flock have I not eaten.

39

That which was torn of beasts I brought not unto thee; I bare the loss of it; of my hand didst thou require it, whether stolen by day, or stolen by night.

40

Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she goats have not cast their young, and t... This passage belongs to the Jacob narratives which demonstrate God's sovereign election overriding human merit and the transformation of a deceiver into Israel, the father of the twelve tribes. The Jacob cycle shows how divine purposes advance through flawed individuals whom God graciously transforms.

Key themes include God's sovereign choice ("the older shall serve the younger"), the consequences of deception and family dysfunction, exile and return patterns, wrestling with God leading to blessing, and covenant renewal across generations. Jacob's character development from manipulative deceiver to mature patriarch demonstrates sanctification's lifelong process.

Theologically significant aspects include: (1) divine election based on grace not merit (Romans 9:10-13); (2) God's faithfulness to covenant promises despite human unfaithfulness; (3) discipline as evidence of divine love and means of transformation; (4) generational patterns of sin requiring divine intervention to break; (5) prayer and wrestling with God as legitimate expressions of faith. Jacob's limp after wrestling God symbolizes how divine encounters leave permanent marks, transforming our approach to life and dependence on God rather than our own cunning.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Reflection Questions

  1. What theological truths about Jacob's Flight from Laban emerge from this passage?
  2. How does this passage challenge modern cultural assumptions about identity, purpose, or morality?
  3. In what ways does this narrative foreshadow or typify aspects of Christ's redemptive work?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
זֶה֩1 of 13
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

עֶשְׂרִ֨ים2 of 13

This twenty

H6242

twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

שָׁנָ֤ה3 of 13

years

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

אָֽנֹכִי֙4 of 13
H595

i

עִמָּ֔ךְ5 of 13
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

רְחֵלֶ֥יךָ6 of 13

have I been with thee thy ewes

H7353

a ewe [the females being the predominant element of a flock] (as a good traveller)

וְעִזֶּ֖יךָ7 of 13

and thy she goats

H5795

a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)

לֹ֣א8 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

שִׁכֵּ֑לוּ9 of 13

have not cast their young

H7921

properly, to miscarry, i.e., suffer abortion; by analogy, to bereave (literally or figuratively)

וְאֵילֵ֥י10 of 13

and the rams

H352

properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically an oak or other strong tree

צֹֽאנְךָ֖11 of 13

of thy flock

H6629

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)

לֹ֥א12 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

אָכָֽלְתִּי׃13 of 13

have I not eaten

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 31:38 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 31:38 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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