King James Version

What Does Ezekiel 38:21 Mean?

Ezekiel 38:21 in the King James Version says “And I will call for a sword against him throughout all my mountains, saith the Lord GOD: every man's sword shall be agai... — study this verse from Ezekiel chapter 38 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I will call for a sword against him throughout all my mountains, saith the Lord GOD: every man's sword shall be against his brother.

Ezekiel 38:21 · KJV


Context

19

For in my jealousy and in the fire of my wrath have I spoken, Surely in that day there shall be a great shaking in the land of Israel;

20

So that the fishes of the sea, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the field, and all creeping things that creep upon the earth, and all the men that are upon the face of the earth, shall shake at my presence, and the mountains shall be thrown down, and the steep places shall fall, and every wall shall fall to the ground. steep: or, towers, or, stairs

21

And I will call for a sword against him throughout all my mountains, saith the Lord GOD: every man's sword shall be against his brother.

22

And I will plead against him with pestilence and with blood; and I will rain upon him, and upon his bands, and upon the many people that are with him, an overflowing rain, and great hailstones , fire, and brimstone.

23

Thus will I magnify myself, and sanctify myself; and I will be known in the eyes of many nations, and they shall know that I am the LORD.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This prophetic word demonstrates God's sovereign control over history and nations. Even pagan empires and hostile coalitions serve God's purposes while remaining morally accountable for their actions. This Reformed understanding of providence affirms that nothing occurs outside God's decree, yet human agents bear full responsibility for their choices. The prophecy serves pastoral purposes: assuring God's people of His protection, warning enemies of certain judgment, and demonstrating that history moves toward God's appointed end. These prophecies find layered fulfillment—immediate historical, ongoing spiritual, and ultimate eschatological.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This passage was delivered during the Babylonian exile (c. 586-571 BCE) after Jerusalem's destruction. The exiled community grappled with theological and practical questions: Why had judgment come? Would restoration occur? How should they live in exile? The historical context of ancient Near Eastern covenant patterns, conquest and exile practices, and prophetic literature provides essential background. Archaeological discoveries from this period illuminate the exile's realities and the return's historical fulfillment. Yet Ezekiel's prophecies extend beyond immediate historical context to find fuller realization in Christ and the church, with ultimate consummation in the new creation.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse deepen your understanding of God's character, purposes, or ways of working in history?
  2. What specific application does this passage call you to make in your current circumstances or spiritual life?
  3. How does this Old Testament passage illuminate New Testament teaching about Christ, salvation, or the church?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וְקָרָ֨אתִי1 of 12

And I will call

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

עָלָ֤יו2 of 12
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

לְכָל3 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָרַי֙4 of 12

against him throughout all my mountains

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

חֶ֥רֶב5 of 12

for a sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

נְאֻ֖ם6 of 12

saith

H5002

an oracle

אֲדֹנָ֣י7 of 12

the Lord

H136

the lord (used as a proper name of god only)

יְהוִ֑ה8 of 12

GOD

H3069

god

חֶ֥רֶב9 of 12

for a sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

אִ֖ישׁ10 of 12

every man's

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

בְּאָחִ֥יו11 of 12

shall be against his brother

H251

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

תִּֽהְיֶֽה׃12 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezekiel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezekiel 38:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezekiel 38:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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