King James Version

What Does Ezekiel 34:23 Mean?

Ezekiel 34:23 in the King James Version says “And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them, even my servant David; he shall feed them, and he shal... — study this verse from Ezekiel chapter 34 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them, even my servant David; he shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd.

Ezekiel 34:23 · KJV


Context

21

Because ye have thrust with side and with shoulder, and pushed all the diseased with your horns, till ye have scattered them abroad;

22

Therefore will I save my flock, and they shall no more be a prey; and I will judge between cattle and cattle.

23

And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them, even my servant David; he shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd.

24

And I the LORD will be their God, and my servant David a prince among them; I the LORD have spoken it.

25

And I will make with them a covenant of peace, and will cause the evil beasts to cease out of the land: and they shall dwell safely in the wilderness, and sleep in the woods .


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God promises: 'And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them, even my servant David; he shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd.' This messianic prophecy promises a future Davidic shepherd-king. The phrase 'my servant David' cannot refer to the historical David (dead for 400+ years) but to David's greater Son—the Messiah. The singular 'one shepherd' contrasts with the many failed shepherds just condemned (34:2-10) and points to unity under one ruler. The verb 'feed' (ra'ah, רָעָה) means to shepherd, pasture, and provide for—comprehensive care. Jesus Christ fulfills this as the Son of David (Matthew 1:1, Luke 1:32-33) who shepherds God's people. The promise anticipates both Christ's first coming (inaugurating God's kingdom) and second coming (consummating it fully).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Davidic covenant (2 Samuel 7:12-16) promised David's throne would endure forever. Despite the monarchy's end with Zedekiah's capture (597 BC) and the absence of Davidic kings during and after exile, God's promise remained. This prophecy assured exiles that God hadn't abandoned His covenant—a future David would arise. Jewish expectation of a Messiah ('anointed one') descended from David permeated Second Temple Judaism. When Jesus entered Jerusalem, crowds proclaimed 'Hosanna to the Son of David!' (Matthew 21:9), recognizing messianic claims. Jesus' teaching about being the Good Shepherd (John 10) and His resurrection establishing eternal reign fulfill Ezekiel's prophecy. The singular Shepherd unifies Jews and Gentiles into one flock (John 10:16, Ephesians 2:14-16).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus' identity as the promised Davidic Shepherd-King shape your understanding of His authority and care?
  2. What does the promise of 'one shepherd' teach about unity and leadership in Christ's church?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וַהֲקִמֹתִ֨י1 of 16

And I will set up

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם2 of 16
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

לְרֹעֶֽה׃3 of 16

he shall feed

H7462

to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie

אֶחָד֙4 of 16

one

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

לְרֹעֶֽה׃5 of 16

he shall feed

H7462

to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie

אֶתְהֶ֔ן6 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֵ֖ת7 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

עַבְדִּ֣י8 of 16

them even my servant

H5650

a servant

דָוִ֑יד9 of 16

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

ה֚וּא10 of 16
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

לְרֹעֶֽה׃11 of 16

he shall feed

H7462

to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie

אֹתָ֔ם12 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

וְהֽוּא13 of 16
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

יִהְיֶ֥ה14 of 16
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לָהֶ֖ן15 of 16
H0
לְרֹעֶֽה׃16 of 16

he shall feed

H7462

to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezekiel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezekiel 34:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezekiel 34:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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