King James Version

What Does Exodus 40:23 Mean?

Exodus 40:23 in the King James Version says “And he set the bread in order upon it before the LORD; as the LORD had commanded Moses. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 40 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he set the bread in order upon it before the LORD; as the LORD had commanded Moses.

Exodus 40:23 · KJV


Context

21

And he brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the vail of the covering, and covered the ark of the testimony; as the LORD commanded Moses.

22

And he put the table in the tent of the congregation, upon the side of the tabernacle northward, without the vail.

23

And he set the bread in order upon it before the LORD; as the LORD had commanded Moses.

24

And he put the candlestick in the tent of the congregation, over against the table, on the side of the tabernacle southward.

25

And he lighted the lamps before the LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Moses 'set the bread in order upon' the table (וַיַּעֲרֹךְ עָלָיו עֵרֶךְ לֶחֶם, vaya'arokh alav erekh lechem, arranged upon it an arrangement of bread) 'before the LORD' teaches ordered worship. The Hebrew עָרַךְ (arakh, to arrange) emphasizes pattern—the twelve loaves represented twelve tribes in specific configuration. This prefigures the church's ordered worship (1 Corinthians 14:40) and organized structure (Titus 1:5). The phrase 'as the LORD commanded Moses' (4th in ch 40) maintains emphasis on prescribed worship. The bread's perpetual presence 'before the LORD' symbolizes constant covenant relationship.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The twelve loaves, arranged in two rows of six (Leviticus 24:6), remained on the table continuously, replaced fresh each Sabbath. The old loaves, eaten by priests, demonstrated God feeding His ministers through His provision. This perpetual bread offering symbolized Israel's constant dependence on divine sustenance.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does 'arranged in order' bread challenge contemporary casual or disorganized corporate worship?
  2. What does the perpetual bread 'before the LORD' teach about believers' constant need for Christ's sustenance?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַיַּֽעֲרֹ֥ךְ1 of 11

in order

H6186

to set in a row, i.e., arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications)

עָלָ֛יו2 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

עֵ֥רֶךְ3 of 11

And he set

H6187

a pile, equipment, estimate

לֶ֖חֶם4 of 11

the bread

H3899

food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

לִפְנֵ֣י5 of 11

upon it before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

יְהוָ֖ה6 of 11

as the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר7 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

צִוָּ֥ה8 of 11

had commanded

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

יְהוָ֖ה9 of 11

as the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶת10 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מֹשֶֽׁה׃11 of 11

Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 40:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 40:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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