King James Version

What Does Exodus 40:20 Mean?

Exodus 40:20 in the King James Version says “And he took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the staves on the ark, and put the mercy seat above upon the ark... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 40 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the staves on the ark, and put the mercy seat above upon the ark:

Exodus 40:20 · KJV


Context

18

And Moses reared up the tabernacle, and fastened his sockets, and set up the boards thereof, and put in the bars thereof, and reared up his pillars.

19

And he spread abroad the tent over the tabernacle, and put the covering of the tent above upon it; as the LORD commanded Moses.

20

And he took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the staves on the ark, and put the mercy seat above upon the ark:

21

And he brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the vail of the covering, and covered the ark of the testimony; as the LORD commanded Moses.

22

And he put the table in the tent of the congregation, upon the side of the tabernacle northward, without the vail.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Moses took the testimony (הָעֵדֻת, ha'edut, i.e., the Ten Commandments) and 'put it into the ark' (וַיִּתֵּן אֶל־הָאָרֹן, vayitten el-ha'aron). The law tablets, inscribed by God's finger (Exodus 31:18), stood central in the ark, teaching that God's word is the covenant foundation. The staves enabled portable access to God's presence—He traveled with His people, not confined to a location. The mercy seat's placement 'above upon the ark' positioned mercy over law, teaching that grace covers but doesn't abolish righteous requirements. Christ perfectly kept the law (Matthew 5:17) and became mercy for lawbreakers (Romans 3:25).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The ark contained the second set of tablets (after Moses broke the first set, Exodus 32:19), teaching that God graciously renewed covenant despite Israel's golden calf apostasy. Later additions included Aaron's budded rod (Numbers 17:10) and a golden pot of manna (Exodus 16:33-34), preserved testimonies to God's faithfulness.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the law tablets' central placement teach about Scripture's foundational role in covenant relationship?
  2. How does mercy (seat) positioned over law (tablets) illustrate grace fulfilling rather than abolishing righteous requirements?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
וַיִּקַּ֞ח1 of 17

And he took

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

וַיִּתֵּ֧ן2 of 17

and put

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

אֶת3 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הָֽעֵדֻת֙4 of 17

the testimony

H5715

testimony

אֶל5 of 17
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הָֽאָרֹ֖ן6 of 17

into the ark

H727

a box

וַיָּ֥שֶׂם7 of 17

and set

H7760

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

אֶת8 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַבַּדִּ֖ים9 of 17

the staves

H905

properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit

עַל10 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הָֽאָרֹ֖ן11 of 17

into the ark

H727

a box

וַיִּתֵּ֧ן12 of 17

and put

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

אֶת13 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת14 of 17

the mercy seat

H3727

a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred ark)

עַל15 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הָֽאָרֹ֖ן16 of 17

into the ark

H727

a box

מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃17 of 17

above

H4605

properly,the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 40:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 40:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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