King James Version

What Does Exodus 32:21 Mean?

Exodus 32:21 in the King James Version says “And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them? — study this verse from Exodus chapter 32 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?

Exodus 32:21 · KJV


Context

19

And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount.

20

And he took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the fire, and ground it to powder, and strawed it upon the water, and made the children of Israel drink of it.

21

And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?

22

And Aaron said, Let not the anger of my lord wax hot: thou knowest the people, that they are set on mischief.

23

For they said unto me, Make us gods, which shall go before us: for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Moses confronts Aaron with מֶה־עָשָׂה לְךָ הָעָם הַזֶּה (meh-asah lecha ha'am hazeh, What did this people do to you?) suggesting the people pressured Aaron—but leaders are accountable regardless of pressure. The charge כִּי־הֵבֵאתָ עָלָיו חֲטָאָה גְדֹלָה (ki-heveta alav chata'ah gedolah, that you have brought upon it a great sin) uses the adjective גְדֹלָה (gedolah, great) to emphasize the sin's enormity. Moses holds Aaron directly responsible despite popular demand, teaching that spiritual leaders cannot excuse compromise by blaming followers.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Aaron's position as high priest-designate made his failure more egregious. His sons Nadab and Abihu would later offer strange fire (Lev 10), suggesting Aaron's family struggled with taking God's holiness seriously.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you respond when confronted about facilitating others' sin?
  2. What responsibility do leaders bear for followers' spiritual compromise?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר1 of 14

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

מֹשֶׁה֙2 of 14

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

אֶֽל3 of 14
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אַהֲרֹ֔ן4 of 14

unto Aaron

H175

aharon, the brother of moses

מֶֽה5 of 14
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

עָשָׂ֥ה6 of 14

What did

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

לְךָ֖7 of 14
H0
הָעָ֣ם8 of 14

this people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

הַזֶּ֑ה9 of 14
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

כִּֽי10 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

הֵבֵ֥אתָ11 of 14

unto thee that thou hast brought

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

עָלָ֖יו12 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

חֲטָאָ֥ה13 of 14

a sin

H2401

an offence, or a sacrifice for it

גְדֹלָֽה׃14 of 14

so great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 32:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 32:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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