King James Version

What Does Exodus 28:18 Mean?

Exodus 28:18 in the King James Version says “And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

Exodus 28:18 · KJV


Context

16

Foursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof.

17

And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row. set: Heb. fill in it fillings of stone sardius: or, ruby

18

And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

19

And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.

20

And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings. inclosings: Heb. fillings


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The second row: emerald, sapphire, diamond (or jasper). Revelation 21:19-20 connects these stones to the New Jerusalem's foundations. Sapphire's blue suggests heaven; emerald's green suggests life; diamond's clarity suggests purity. Together they picture redeemed humanity—heavenly, living, pure in Christ. The continuity from breastplate to eternal city shows that what the high priest bore on his chest prefigured what God eternally treasures.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient sapphires (Hebrew סַפִּיר, sappir) were likely lapis lazuli, deep blue stones highly prized. The emerald (בָּרֶקֶת, bareqeth) was bright green. These second-row stones continued the pattern of maximum beauty and value.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your identity in Christ reflect heaven, life, and purity simultaneously?
  2. What does the connection between the breastplate and New Jerusalem teach about covenant continuity?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 5 words
וְהַטּ֖וּר1 of 5

row

H2905

a row; hence, a wall

הַשֵּׁנִ֑י2 of 5

And the second

H8145

properly, double, i.e., second; also adverbially, again

נֹ֥פֶךְ3 of 5

shall be an emerald

H5306

shining; a gem, probably the garnet

סַפִּ֖יר4 of 5

a sapphire

H5601

a gem (perhaps used for scratching other substances), probably the sapphire

וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם׃5 of 5

and a diamond

H3095

a precious stone, probably onyx


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 28:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 28:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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