King James Version

What Does Exodus 28:16 Mean?

Exodus 28:16 in the King James Version says “Foursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Foursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof.

Exodus 28:16 · KJV


Context

14

And two chains of pure gold at the ends; of wreathen work shalt thou make them, and fasten the wreathen chains to the ouches.

15

And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet , and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.

16

Foursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof.

17

And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row. set: Heb. fill in it fillings of stone sardius: or, ruby

18

And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The breastplate is square (שָׁבוּעַ, shavua', four-cornered) and doubled (creating a pouch). The square shape suggests completeness, perfection—divine judgment is neither partial nor asymmetrical. The doubled design creates space for the Urim and Thummim, the means of divine guidance. A span (half a cubit, about 9 inches) each way creates a hand-sized piece, manageable yet substantial. Christ's judgments are complete (four-square) and deep (doubled), not superficial.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Doubling created a pocket or pouch into which the Urim and Thummim were placed. The exact dimensions (a span square) made the breastplate fit properly over the high priest's chest without being unwieldy during service.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the breastplate's square shape teach about the completeness of Christ's judgments?
  2. How does Christ's guidance (Urim/Thummim) combine with His love (placement over heart)?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
רָב֥וּעַ1 of 7

Foursquare

H7251

to be quadrate

יִֽהְיֶ֖ה2 of 7
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כָּפ֑וּל3 of 7

it shall be being doubled

H3717

to fold together; figuratively, to repeat

וְזֶ֥רֶת4 of 7

a span

H2239

the spread of the fingers, i.e., a span

אָרְכּ֖וֹ5 of 7

shall be the length

H753

length

וְזֶ֥רֶת6 of 7

a span

H2239

the spread of the fingers, i.e., a span

רָחְבּֽוֹ׃7 of 7

shall be the breadth

H7341

width (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 28:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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