King James Version

What Does Exodus 22:16 Mean?

Exodus 22:16 in the King James Version says “And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.

Exodus 22:16 · KJV


Context

14

And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good.

15

But if the owner thereof be with it, he shall not make it good: if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire.

16

And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.

17

If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins. pay: Heb. weigh

18

Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.

'Entice' (יְפַתֶּה, yefateh) means seduce—consensual but unmarried sex. The man 'shall surely endow' (מָהֹר יִמְהָרֶנָּה, mahor yimharenah)—pay bride-price and marry her. This protects the woman's reputation and future—in ancient culture, loss of virginity outside marriage ruined marriage prospects. The law forces responsibility: you engaged her sexually, now marry her. The bride-price compensates the father for daughter's diminished value. Deuteronomy 22:28-29 adds the marriage is permanent (he cannot divorce her). The law deters sexual immorality while protecting victims of seduction.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures valued female virginity highly for marriage. This law protected seduced women from abandonment and destitution. The bride-price (mohar) was substantial, making seduction costly for men.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does forcing marriage after seduction protect the woman in ancient culture?
  2. What principles about sexual purity and responsibility can Christians apply from this law?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וְכִֽי1 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יְפַתֶּ֣ה2 of 13

entice

H6601

to open, i.e., be (causatively, make) roomy; usually figuratively (in a mental or moral sense) to be (causatively, make) simple or (in a sinister way)

אִ֗ישׁ3 of 13

And if a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

בְּתוּלָ֛ה4 of 13

a maid

H1330

a virgin (from her privacy); sometimes (by continuation) a bride; also (figuratively) a city or state

אֲשֶׁ֥ר5 of 13
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לֹֽא6 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

אֹרָ֖שָׂה7 of 13

that is not betrothed

H781

to promise to marry

וְשָׁכַ֣ב8 of 13

and lie

H7901

to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)

עִמָּ֑הּ9 of 13
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

יִמְהָרֶ֥נָּה10 of 13

endow

H4117

to bargain (for a wife), i.e., to wed

יִמְהָרֶ֥נָּה11 of 13

endow

H4117

to bargain (for a wife), i.e., to wed

לּ֖וֹ12 of 13
H0
לְאִשָּֽׁה׃13 of 13

her to be his wife

H802

a woman


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 22:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 22:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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