King James Version

What Does Psalms 37:21 Mean?

Psalms 37:21 in the King James Version says “The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 37 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth.

Psalms 37:21 · KJV


Context

19

They shall not be ashamed in the evil time: and in the days of famine they shall be satisfied.

20

But the wicked shall perish, and the enemies of the LORD shall be as the fat of lambs: they shall consume; into smoke shall they consume away. the fat: Heb. the preciousness

21

The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth.

22

For such as be blessed of him shall inherit the earth; and they that be cursed of him shall be cut off.

23

The steps of a good man are ordered by the LORD: and he delighteth in his way. ordered: or, established


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again (רָשָׁע לֹוֶה וְלֹא יְשַׁלֵּם, rasha loveh v'lo yeshalem)—the Hebrew captures persistent dishonesty: borrowing with no intent to repay reflects covenant-breaking character. In contrast, the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth (צַדִּיק חוֹנֵן וְנוֹתֵן, tsaddiq chonen v'noten)—the righteous demonstrates chen (grace/favor) through generosity. This verse exposes economic ethics as spiritual fruit: wickedness exploits relationships for selfish gain, while righteousness creates a culture of grace. Paul's command "owe no man any thing, but to love one another" (Romans 13:8) echoes this principle.

The contrast isn't merely financial but reflects heart orientation: the wicked takes and hoards, the righteous blesses and shares. This verse demolishes any notion that material success indicates divine favor—generosity, not accumulation, marks God's people.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Written during Israel's monarchy (likely David's later years), when economic disparity and debt slavery were pressing issues. The Torah's sabbatical year provisions (Deuteronomy 15:1-11) provided institutional release from debt, making failure to repay a willful moral choice, not merely economic hardship.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your financial integrity—keeping commitments, paying debts, generosity—reflect your spiritual character?
  2. In what ways might you be 'borrowing' from others (time, trust, resources) without 'repaying' through reciprocal kindness and reliability?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
לוֶֹ֣ה1 of 7

borroweth

H3867

properly, to twine; also to borrow (as a form of obligation) or (causative) to lend

רָ֭שָׁע2 of 7

The wicked

H7563

morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

וְלֹ֣א3 of 7
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם4 of 7

and payeth not again

H7999

to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate

וְ֝צַדִּ֗יק5 of 7

but the righteous

H6662

just

חוֹנֵ֥ן6 of 7

sheweth mercy

H2603

properly, to bend or stoop in kindness to an inferior; to favor, bestow; causatively to implore (i.e., move to favor by petition)

וְנוֹתֵֽן׃7 of 7

and giveth

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 37:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 37:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study