King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:7 Mean?

Exodus 21:7 in the King James Version says “And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.

Exodus 21:7 · KJV


Context

5

And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free: shall: Heb. saying shall say

6

Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever.

7

And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.

8

If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. please: Heb. be evil in the eyes of, etc

9

And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.

This provision regulates Hebrew servitude (עֶבֶד עִבְרִי, eved ivri), protecting indentured servants from exploitation. Unlike ancient Near Eastern chattel slavery, Israel's system limited bondage to six years with mandatory release, reflecting God's concern for human dignity. These laws temper economic necessity with compassion, ensuring even servants retain personhood and future hope. The regulations reveal God's heart for the vulnerable and point to ultimate redemption—Christ freed us from sin's slavery to serve Him voluntarily.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Debt-servitude in ancient Israel allowed impoverished persons to work off obligations while maintaining basic rights. These protections were revolutionary compared to surrounding nations' perpetual slavery systems.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וְכִֽי1 of 10
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יִמְכֹּ֥ר2 of 10

sell

H4376

to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)

אִ֛ישׁ3 of 10

And if a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֶת4 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בִּתּ֖וֹ5 of 10

his daughter

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

לְאָמָ֑ה6 of 10

to be a maidservant

H519

a maid-servant or female slave

לֹ֥א7 of 10
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

כְּצֵ֥את8 of 10

do

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

כְּצֵ֥את9 of 10

do

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

הָֽעֲבָדִֽים׃10 of 10

as the menservants

H5650

a servant


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:7 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 21:7 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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