King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:2 Mean?

Exodus 21:2 in the King James Version says “If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

Exodus 21:2 · KJV


Context

1

Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

2

If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

3

If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married , then his wife shall go out with him. by himself: Heb. with his body

4

If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

God's first civil law addresses slavery—revealing His priority to protect the vulnerable. 'Hebrew servant' (עֶבֶד עִבְרִי, eved ivri) refers to debt-servitude (not chattel slavery)—Israelites who sold themselves to pay debts. The six-year limit prevents permanent poverty-bondage. 'In the seventh go out free' (בַּשְּׁבִעִת יֵצֵא לַחָפְשִׁי, bashevi'it yetze lachofshi) parallels Sabbath principle—rest after labor, release after bondage. 'For nothing' (חִנָּם, chinnam) means without payment—freedom is gift, not purchase. This revolutionizes ancient economy where debt-slavery was perpetual. God champions the oppressed; His laws limit exploitation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern slavery was usually permanent. Israel's six-year limit was radically humane. Debt-servitude allowed poor Israelites to work off obligations while maintaining dignity and receiving eventual freedom.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the seven-year release reflect Sabbath principles of rest and renewal?
  2. What does God prioritizing slavery laws first teach about His heart for the oppressed?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
כִּ֤י1 of 11
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

תִקְנֶה֙2 of 11

If thou buy

H7069

to erect, i.e., create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own

עֶ֣בֶד3 of 11

servant

H5650

a servant

עִבְרִ֔י4 of 11

an Hebrew

H5680

an eberite (i.e., hebrew) or descendant of eber

שֵׁ֥שׁ5 of 11

six

H8337

six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth

שָׁנִ֖ים6 of 11

years

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

יַֽעֲבֹ֑ד7 of 11

he shall serve

H5647

to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc

וּבַ֨שְּׁבִעִ֔ת8 of 11

and in the seventh

H7637

seventh

יֵצֵ֥א9 of 11

he shall go out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

לַֽחָפְשִׁ֖י10 of 11

free

H2670

exempt (from bondage, tax or care)

חִנָּֽם׃11 of 11

for nothing

H2600

gratis, i.e., devoid of cost, reason or advantage


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 21:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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