King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:9 Mean?

Exodus 21:9 in the King James Version says “And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.

Exodus 21:9 · KJV


Context

7

And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.

8

If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. please: Heb. be evil in the eyes of, etc

9

And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.

10

If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.

11

And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.

This judgment (mishpat) from the Book of the Covenant applies moral law to civil society. God's justice is comprehensive—addressing economic disputes, family relations, and community welfare. The case laws teach covenant people how to love God and neighbor practically. Through detailed ordinances, God shapes Israel as holy nation, distinct from pagan neighbors. These laws reveal God's character: just, merciful, concerned with details of everyday life.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Book of the Covenant (Exodus 20:22-23:33) is Israel's foundational legal code, predating later expansions in Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It addresses civil, criminal, and ceremonial matters.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
וְאִם1 of 7
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

לִבְנ֖וֹ2 of 7

her unto his son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִֽיעָדֶ֑נָּה3 of 7

And if he have betrothed

H3259

to fix upon (by agreement or appointment); by implication, to meet (at a stated time), to summon (to trial), to direct (in a certain quarter or positi

כְּמִשְׁפַּ֥ט4 of 7

with her after the manner

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

הַבָּנ֖וֹת5 of 7

of daughters

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

יַֽעֲשֶׂה6 of 7

he shall deal

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

לָּֽהּ׃7 of 7
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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