King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:27 Mean?

Exodus 21:27 in the King James Version says “And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.

Exodus 21:27 · KJV


Context

25

Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

26

And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye's sake.

27

And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.

28

If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit.

29

But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past , and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.

This provision regulates Hebrew servitude (עֶבֶד עִבְרִי, eved ivri), protecting indentured servants from exploitation. Unlike ancient Near Eastern chattel slavery, Israel's system limited bondage to six years with mandatory release, reflecting God's concern for human dignity. These laws temper economic necessity with compassion, ensuring even servants retain personhood and future hope. The regulations reveal God's heart for the vulnerable and point to ultimate redemption—Christ freed us from sin's slavery to serve Him voluntarily.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Debt-servitude in ancient Israel allowed impoverished persons to work off obligations while maintaining basic rights. These protections were revolutionary compared to surrounding nations' perpetual slavery systems.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וְאִם1 of 11
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

שִׁנּֽוֹ׃2 of 11

for his tooth's

H8127

a tooth (as sharp); specifically ivory; figuratively, a cliff

עַבְדּ֛וֹ3 of 11

out his manservant's

H5650

a servant

אֽוֹ4 of 11
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

שִׁנּֽוֹ׃5 of 11

for his tooth's

H8127

a tooth (as sharp); specifically ivory; figuratively, a cliff

אֲמָת֖וֹ6 of 11

or his maidservant's

H519

a maid-servant or female slave

יַפִּ֑יל7 of 11

And if he smite

H5307

to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)

לַֽחָפְשִׁ֥י8 of 11

free

H2670

exempt (from bondage, tax or care)

יְשַׁלְּחֶ֖נּוּ9 of 11

he shall let him go

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

תַּ֥חַת10 of 11
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

שִׁנּֽוֹ׃11 of 11

for his tooth's

H8127

a tooth (as sharp); specifically ivory; figuratively, a cliff


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:27 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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