King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:26 Mean?

Exodus 21:26 in the King James Version says “And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye'... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye's sake.

Exodus 21:26 · KJV


Context

24

Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,

25

Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

26

And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye's sake.

27

And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.

28

If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye's sake.

This provision regulates Hebrew servitude (עֶבֶד עִבְרִי, eved ivri), protecting indentured servants from exploitation. Unlike ancient Near Eastern chattel slavery, Israel's system limited bondage to six years with mandatory release, reflecting God's concern for human dignity. These laws temper economic necessity with compassion, ensuring even servants retain personhood and future hope. The regulations reveal God's heart for the vulnerable and point to ultimate redemption—Christ freed us from sin's slavery to serve Him voluntarily.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Debt-servitude in ancient Israel allowed impoverished persons to work off obligations while maintaining basic rights. These protections were revolutionary compared to surrounding nations' perpetual slavery systems.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וְכִֽי1 of 15
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יַכֶּ֨ה2 of 15

smite

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

אִ֜ישׁ3 of 15

And if a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֶת4 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

עֵינֽוֹ׃5 of 15

his eye's

H5869

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

עַבְדּ֛וֹ6 of 15

of his servant

H5650

a servant

אֽוֹ7 of 15
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

אֶת8 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

עֵינֽוֹ׃9 of 15

his eye's

H5869

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

אֲמָת֖וֹ10 of 15

of his maid

H519

a maid-servant or female slave

וְשִֽׁחֲתָ֑הּ11 of 15

that it perish

H7843

to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)

לַֽחָפְשִׁ֥י12 of 15

free

H2670

exempt (from bondage, tax or care)

יְשַׁלְּחֶ֖נּוּ13 of 15

he shall let him go

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

תַּ֥חַת14 of 15

for

H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

עֵינֽוֹ׃15 of 15

his eye's

H5869

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:26 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 21:26 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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