King James Version

What Does Exodus 20:10 Mean?

Exodus 20:10 in the King James Version says “But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy dau... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

Exodus 20:10 · KJV


Context

8

Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.

9

Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:

10

But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

11

For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

12

Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

The Sabbath belongs to YHWH ('sabbath of YHWH thy God')—it's His day, His gift. The comprehensive list (you, son, daughter, servants, animals, strangers) universalizes rest—no one is exempted, including slaves and foreigners. Ancient Near Eastern masters might rest while slaves worked; God prohibits this. The Sabbath is democratizing—servant and master equally cease labor. Even animals rest (humane treatment centuries before animal rights movements). 'Stranger within thy gates' (גֵּרְךָ אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ, gerka asher bish'arekha) includes resident aliens—God's mercy extends beyond covenant community. This models Christ's rest available to all.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The inclusion of servants, animals, and foreigners in Sabbath rest was revolutionary. Ancient economies depended on slaves' continuous labor; God's Sabbath challenged systemic exploitation.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the inclusion of servants and strangers in Sabbath rest teach about God's heart for the vulnerable?
  2. How might modern Christians practice Sabbath in ways that benefit others, not just themselves?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וְי֙וֹם֙1 of 18

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י2 of 18

But the seventh

H7637

seventh

שַׁבָּ֖֣ת׀3 of 18

is the sabbath

H7676

intermission, i.e (specifically) the sabbath

לַֽיהוָ֣ה4 of 18

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ5 of 18

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

לֹֽ֣א6 of 18
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תַעֲשֶׂ֣֨ה7 of 18

in it thou shalt not do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

כָל8 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

מְלָאכָ֡֜ה9 of 18

any work

H4399

properly, deputyship, i.e., ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor)

אַתָּ֣ה׀10 of 18
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

וּבִנְךָֽ֣11 of 18

thou nor thy son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

וּ֠בִתֶּ֗ךָ12 of 18

nor thy daughter

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

עַבְדְּךָ֤֙13 of 18

thy manservant

H5650

a servant

וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙14 of 18

nor thy maidservant

H519

a maid-servant or female slave

וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ15 of 18

nor thy cattle

H929

properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)

וְגֵֽרְךָ֖16 of 18

nor thy stranger

H1616

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר17 of 18
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ׃18 of 18

that is within thy gates

H8179

an opening, i.e., door or gate


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 20:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 20:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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