King James Version

What Does Exodus 19:20 Mean?

Exodus 19:20 in the King James Version says “And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; ... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up.

Exodus 19:20 · KJV


Context

18

And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.

19

And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice.

20

And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up.

21

And the LORD said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish. charge: Heb. contest

22

And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up.

God 'came down' (וַיֵּרֶד, vayered) to the summit, then 'called up' (וַיִּקְרָא, vayiqra) Moses—God condescends to meet, then summons the mediator higher. The verbs map the covenant dance: God initiates by descending, humans respond by ascending. Moses alone crosses the boundary—his unique access prefigures Christ's entrance into God's presence on our behalf. The mountaintop becomes the covenant-making venue, heaven and earth overlapping. Ancient kings descended to subject territories to establish rule; here God descends not to conquer but to covenant, bringing law as gift rather than imposition.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Mountaintops in the ancient world were considered closer to the gods, but at Sinai God condescends to the mountain rather than residing there naturally. Moses' ascent begins the first of several meetings that will structure the next chapters.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does God's 'coming down' before calling Moses 'up' teach about divine initiative in salvation?
  2. How does Moses' solitary ascent to meet God prefigure Christ's unique access to the Father?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וַיֵּ֧רֶד1 of 16

came down

H3381

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau

יְהוָ֧ה2 of 16

And the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

עַל3 of 16
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הָהָ֖ר4 of 16

of the mount

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

סִינַ֖י5 of 16

Sinai

H5514

sinai, mountain of arabia

אֶל6 of 16

up to

H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

רֹ֥אשׁ7 of 16

on the top

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

הָהָ֖ר8 of 16

of the mount

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

וַיִּקְרָ֨א9 of 16

called

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

יְהוָ֧ה10 of 16

And the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

מֹשֶֽׁה׃11 of 16

Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

אֶל12 of 16

up to

H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

רֹ֥אשׁ13 of 16

on the top

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

הָהָ֖ר14 of 16

of the mount

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

וַיַּ֥עַל15 of 16

went up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

מֹשֶֽׁה׃16 of 16

Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 19:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 19:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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