King James Version

What Does Exodus 12:48 Mean?

Exodus 12:48 in the King James Version says “And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, a... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.

Exodus 12:48 · KJV


Context

46

In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof.

47

All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. keep: Heb. do it

48

And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.

49

One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.

50

Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The provision for 'strangers' (ger, גֵּר—resident alien) to join through circumcision demonstrates gracious inclusion. Circumcision served as the covenant entrance sign—faith made visible through obedience. After circumcision, the former stranger becomes 'as one that is born in the land,' enjoying equal status. This gracious inclusion prefigures gospel truth: faith in Christ, marked by baptism, makes all believers equal covenant members regardless of background.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This provision allowed Egyptians and others who witnessed the exodus to join Israel through circumcision. It created a legal path for Gentile inclusion in the covenant community.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the equal standing of circumcised strangers anticipate the gospel breaking down ethnic barriers?
  2. What does requiring the covenant sign before participation teach about visible profession preceding covenant privileges?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 22 words
וְכִֽי1 of 22
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יָג֨וּר2 of 22

shall sojourn

H1481

properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e., sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place);

אִתְּךָ֜3 of 22
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

גֵּ֗ר4 of 22

And when a stranger

H1616

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

לַֽעֲשֹׂת֔וֹ5 of 22

and keep

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

פֶסַח֮6 of 22

the passover

H6453

a pretermission, i.e., exemption; used only techically of the jewish passover (the festival or the victim)

לַֽיהוָה֒7 of 22

to the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

הִמּ֧וֹל8 of 22

be circumcised

H4135

to cut short, i.e., curtail (specifically the prepuce, i.e., to circumcise); by implication, to blunt; figuratively, to destroy

ל֣וֹ9 of 22
H0
כָל10 of 22
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

זָכָ֗ר11 of 22

let all his males

H2145

properly, remembered, i.e., a male (of man or animals, as being the most noteworthy sex)

וְאָז֙12 of 22
H227

at that time or place; also as a conjunction, therefore

יִקְרַ֣ב13 of 22

and then let him come near

H7126

to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose

לַֽעֲשֹׂת֔וֹ14 of 22

and keep

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

וְהָיָ֖ה15 of 22
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כְּאֶזְרַ֣ח16 of 22

it and he shall be as one that is born

H249

a spontaneous growth, i.e., native (tree or persons)

הָאָ֑רֶץ17 of 22

in the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

וְכָל18 of 22
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

עָרֵ֖ל19 of 22

for no uncircumcised person

H6189

properly, exposed, i.e., projecting loose (as to the prepuce); used only technically, uncircumcised (i.e., still having the prepuce uncurtailed)

לֹֽא20 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יֹ֥אכַל21 of 22

shall eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

בּֽוֹ׃22 of 22
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 12:48 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 12:48 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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