King James Version

What Does Exodus 12:43 Mean?

Exodus 12:43 in the King James Version says “And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof: — study this verse from Exodus chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:

Exodus 12:43 · KJV


Context

41

And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.

42

It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations. a night: Heb. a night of observations

43

And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:

44

But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof.

45

A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The LORD's 'ordinance of the passover' (chukat hapesach, חֻקַּת הַפֶּסַח) begins defining participation boundaries. 'No stranger shall eat thereof'—the Hebrew 'ben nekar' (בֶּן־נֵכָר) means foreign son, one outside the covenant. This exclusivity protects the sacredness of covenant signs. While grace extends to all who believe, covenant privileges require covenant membership. This principle continues in Christian baptism and communion.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This restriction prevented Passover from becoming a generic feast where casual observers participated without covenant commitment. It maintained the meal's sacred character.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the exclusivity of covenant meals protect the sacredness of fellowship with God?
  2. What does restricting participation to covenant members teach about the church's practice of guarded communion?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר1 of 14

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

יְהוָה֙2 of 14

And the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶל3 of 14
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֹשֶׁ֣ה4 of 14

unto Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

וְאַֽהֲרֹ֔ן5 of 14

and Aaron

H175

aharon, the brother of moses

זֹ֖את6 of 14
H2063

this (often used adverb)

חֻקַּ֣ת7 of 14

This is the ordinance

H2708

a statute

הַפָּ֑סַח8 of 14

of the passover

H6453

a pretermission, i.e., exemption; used only techically of the jewish passover (the festival or the victim)

כָּל9 of 14
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

בֶּן10 of 14

There shall no stranger

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

נֵכָ֖ר11 of 14
H5236

foreign, or (concretely) a foreigner, or (abstractly) heathendom

לֹא12 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יֹ֥אכַל13 of 14

eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

בּֽוֹ׃14 of 14
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 12:43 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 12:43 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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