King James Version

What Does Exodus 12:49 Mean?

Exodus 12:49 in the King James Version says “One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.

Exodus 12:49 · KJV


Context

47

All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. keep: Heb. do it

48

And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.

49

One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.

50

Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

51

And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The declaration 'One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger' establishes equality before God's law. Hebrew 'torah achat' (תּוֹרָה אַחַת—one law) means no double standards—native and convert face identical requirements and receive identical privileges. This principle demolishes ethnic superiority and establishes grace-based covenant membership. Paul later develops this: in Christ there's neither Jew nor Greek (Galatians 3:28).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This equality contrasted sharply with surrounding nations where ethnic identity determined religious access. Israel's openness to covenant converts while maintaining high standards was distinctive.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does 'one law' for all believers challenge any sense of spiritual superiority based on heritage or background?
  2. What does equal law for native and stranger teach about the impartiality of divine grace?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
תּוֹרָ֣ה1 of 7

law

H8451

a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch

אַחַ֔ת2 of 7

One

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

יִֽהְיֶ֖ה3 of 7
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לָֽאֶזְרָ֑ח4 of 7

shall be to him that is homeborn

H249

a spontaneous growth, i.e., native (tree or persons)

וְלַגֵּ֖ר5 of 7

and unto the stranger

H1616

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

הַגָּ֥ר6 of 7

that sojourneth

H1481

properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e., sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place);

בְּתֽוֹכְכֶֽם׃7 of 7

among

H8432

a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 12:49 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 12:49 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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