King James Version

What Does Ecclesiastes 3:13 Mean?

Ecclesiastes 3:13 in the King James Version says “And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good of all his labour, it is the gift of God. — study this verse from Ecclesiastes chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good of all his labour, it is the gift of God.

Ecclesiastes 3:13 · KJV


Context

11

He hath made every thing beautiful in his time: also he hath set the world in their heart, so that no man can find out the work that God maketh from the beginning to the end.

12

I know that there is no good in them, but for a man to rejoice, and to do good in his life.

13

And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good of all his labour, it is the gift of God.

14

I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him.

15

That which hath been is now; and that which is to be hath already been; and God requireth that which is past. that which is past: Heb. that which is driven away


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good of all his labour, it is the gift of God (וְגַם כָּל־הָאָדָם שֶׁיֹּאכַל וְשָׁתָה וְרָאָה טוֹב בְּכָל־עֲמָלוֹ מַתַּת אֱלֹהִים הִיא, v'gam kol-ha'adam sheyochal v'shatah v'ra'ah tov b'chol-amalo matat Elohim hi). This verse radically reframes labor's meaning. The ability to eat and drink—meet basic needs—and enjoy the good (רָאָה טוֹב, ra'ah tov, literally 'see good') of one's labor isn't human achievement but the gift of God (מַתַּת אֱלֹהִים, matat Elohim).

The Hebrew 'matat' (מַתַּת) emphasizes that enjoyment is a gift, not a right or earned reward. You can labor extensively yet be unable to enjoy its fruits—anxiety, illness, injustice, or death can rob you of satisfaction. Therefore, when you can enjoy your work's good fruits, recognize this as God's gracious gift. This transforms labor from a quest for ultimate meaning into grateful reception of daily grace. Paul later teaches that God 'giveth us richly all things to enjoy' (1 Timothy 6:17)—enjoyment is not guilty indulgence but grateful stewardship of God's gifts. This verse appears five times in Ecclesiastes (2:24; 3:13; 3:22; 5:18; 8:15), emphasizing its centrality.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In the ancient world, many labored without enjoying their work's fruits—slaves built monuments for masters, peasants farmed lands owned by landlords, conquered peoples paid tribute to foreign powers. The ability to 'eat and drink' from your own labor was not universal but a covenant blessing (Deuteronomy 28:30-33 lists eating others' produce as a curse). For Israel, enjoying their labor's good fruits depended on covenant faithfulness and God's blessing. Post-exilic Jews, rebuilding under foreign domination (Persian, then Greek, then Roman), found encouragement here: even limited enjoyment of labor's fruits is God's gift, to be received gratefully rather than taken for granted.

Reflection Questions

  1. When you enjoy a good meal, a completed project, or rest after labor, do you recognize these as gifts from God rather than merely earned rewards?
  2. How does viewing enjoyment as God's gift rather than your achievement change your response to both abundance and scarcity?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וְגַ֤ם1 of 12
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

כָּל2 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָאָדָם֙3 of 12

And also that every man

H120

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

שֶׁיֹּאכַ֣ל4 of 12

should eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

וְשָׁתָ֔ה5 of 12

and drink

H8354

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

וְרָאָ֥ה6 of 12

and enjoy

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

ט֖וֹב7 of 12

the good

H2896

good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good

בְּכָל8 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

עֲמָל֑וֹ9 of 12

of all his labour

H5999

toil, i.e., wearing effort; hence, worry, whether of body or mind

מַתַּ֥ת10 of 12

it is the gift

H4991

a present

אֱלֹהִ֖ים11 of 12

of God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

הִֽיא׃12 of 12
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ecclesiastes. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ecclesiastes 3:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ecclesiastes 3:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study