King James Version

What Does Ecclesiastes 3:15 Mean?

Ecclesiastes 3:15 in the King James Version says “That which hath been is now; and that which is to be hath already been; and God requireth that which is past. that which... — study this verse from Ecclesiastes chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

That which hath been is now; and that which is to be hath already been; and God requireth that which is past. that which is past: Heb. that which is driven away

Ecclesiastes 3:15 · KJV


Context

13

And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good of all his labour, it is the gift of God.

14

I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him.

15

That which hath been is now; and that which is to be hath already been; and God requireth that which is past. that which is past: Heb. that which is driven away

16

And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment, that wickedness was there; and the place of righteousness, that iniquity was there.

17

I said in mine heart, God shall judge the righteous and the wicked: for there is a time there for every purpose and for every work.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
That which hath been is now; and that which is to be hath already been (מַה־שֶּׁהָיָה כְּבָר הוּא וַאֲשֶׁר לִהְיוֹת כְּבָר הָיָה, mah-shehayah k'var hu va'asher lihyot k'var hayah)—this verse affirms historical repetition and cyclical patterns. The phrase 'k'var hu' (כְּבָר הוּא, already is) emphasizes that present reality repeats past patterns, and future events will likewise echo what has already occurred. Human nature, sin patterns, divine judgments, and redemptive principles remain constant across time.

The verse concludes with a striking statement: and God requireth that which is past (וְהָאֱלֹהִים יְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־נִרְדָּף, v'ha'Elohim y'vakeish et-nirdaf). The Hebrew 'baqeish' (בָּקַשׁ) means to seek, require, or demand, while 'nirdaf' (נִרְדָּף) means pursued, persecuted, or that which has passed. God seeks accountability for past deeds—nothing is forgotten or irrelevant. This prevents the repetition from becoming meaningless: though patterns recur, God judges each instance. History's repetitions don't eliminate moral accountability; rather, they demonstrate consistent divine principles operating across time. Jesus taught this: 'every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof' (Matthew 12:36)—nothing passes into irrelevance.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Israel's history demonstrated this pattern vividly: repeated cycles of sin, judgment, repentance, and restoration (the Judges cycle). What happened to previous generations recurred in subsequent ones. The exile to Babylon repeated the Egyptian bondage in many ways. Post-exilic readers recognized that their current struggles echoed ancestors' failures. Yet the phrase 'God requireth that which is past' prevented historical fatalism—though patterns repeat, each generation remains accountable to God for its choices. The New Testament affirms that God will judge all things, including 'the secrets of men' (Romans 2:16), demonstrating that past deeds aren't forgotten but will be required at final judgment.

Reflection Questions

  1. What patterns from the past (personal, familial, cultural) do you see repeating in the present, and how does this awareness inform your choices?
  2. How does knowing that God 'requireth that which is past' change your perspective on unresolved wrongs, forgotten sins, or overlooked righteousness?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
מַה1 of 12
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙2 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כְּבָ֣ר3 of 12

That which hath been is now

H3528

properly, extent of time, i.e., a great while; hence, long ago, formerly, hitherto

ה֔וּא4 of 12
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר5 of 12
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לִהְי֖וֹת6 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כְּבָ֣ר7 of 12

That which hath been is now

H3528

properly, extent of time, i.e., a great while; hence, long ago, formerly, hitherto

הָיָ֑ה8 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים9 of 12

been and God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ10 of 12

requireth

H1245

to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after

אֶת11 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

נִרְדָּֽף׃12 of 12

that which is past

H7291

to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ecclesiastes. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ecclesiastes 3:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ecclesiastes 3:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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