King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 31:20 Mean?

Deuteronomy 31:20 in the King James Version says “For when I shall have brought them into the land which I sware unto their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; and... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

For when I shall have brought them into the land which I sware unto their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; and they shall have eaten and filled themselves, and waxen fat; then will they turn unto other gods, and serve them, and provoke me, and break my covenant.

Deuteronomy 31:20 · KJV


Context

18

And I will surely hide my face in that day for all the evils which they shall have wrought, in that they are turned unto other gods.

19

Now therefore write ye this song for you, and teach it the children of Israel: put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel.

20

For when I shall have brought them into the land which I sware unto their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; and they shall have eaten and filled themselves, and waxen fat; then will they turn unto other gods, and serve them, and provoke me, and break my covenant.

21

And it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are befallen them, that this song shall testify against them as a witness; for it shall not be forgotten out of the mouths of their seed: for I know their imagination which they go about, even now, before I have brought them into the land which I sware. against: Heb. before go: Heb. do

22

Moses therefore wrote this song the same day, and taught it the children of Israel.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For when I shall have brought them into the land which I sware unto their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; and they shall have eaten and filled themselves, and waxen fat—God predicted prosperity would become a spiritual trap. Then will they turn unto other gods, and serve them, and provoke me, and break my covenant—wealth and satisfaction, rather than producing gratitude, would breed spiritual complacency and idolatry. The phrase veshaman (וְשָׁמֵן, 'grown fat') appears as metaphor for dangerous prosperity throughout Scripture (Deuteronomy 32:15, Nehemiah 9:25-26, Hosea 13:6).

This verse articulates one of Scripture's most sobering paradoxes: blessing can become curse if it displaces God as the focus of affection. Material abundance doesn't automatically produce godliness; often it fosters self-sufficiency and forgetfulness of dependence on God. Jesus warned similarly: 'It is hard for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of heaven' (Matthew 19:23). Prosperity requires vigilant gratitude and intentional God-centeredness to avoid the predicted outcome.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Prophesied circa 1406 BC before Israel entered Canaan's agricultural prosperity. The prediction proved devastatingly accurate: Solomon's reign brought unprecedented wealth, followed immediately by idolatry under his son Rehoboam. The northern kingdom especially embraced Baal worship during prosperous periods. Hosea 13:6 diagnosed the problem: 'When I fed them, they were satisfied; when they were satisfied, they became proud; then they forgot me.' Only catastrophic judgment (Assyrian and Babylonian conquests) temporarily broke the wealth-apostasy pattern.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does prosperity often lead to spiritual decline rather than gratitude? What's the psychological mechanism?
  2. How can Christians steward wealth and comfort without falling into the 'waxen fat' trap God predicted for Israel?
  3. What spiritual disciplines guard against prosperity-induced complacency and self-sufficiency?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 22 words
כִּֽי1 of 22
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אֲבִיאֶ֜נּוּ2 of 22

For when I shall have brought

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

אֶֽל3 of 22
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הָאֲדָמָ֣ה׀4 of 22

them into the land

H127

soil (from its general redness)

אֲשֶׁר5 of 22
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי6 of 22

which I sware

H7650

to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

לַֽאֲבֹתָ֗יו7 of 22

unto their fathers

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

זָבַ֤ת8 of 22

that floweth

H2100

to flow freely (as water), i.e., (specifically) to have a (sexual) flux; figuratively, to waste away; also to overflow

חָלָב֙9 of 22

with milk

H2461

milk (as the richness of kine)

וּדְבַ֔שׁ10 of 22

and honey

H1706

honey (from its stickiness); by analogy, syrup

וְאָכַ֥ל11 of 22

and they shall have eaten

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

וְשָׂבַ֖ע12 of 22

and filled

H7646

to sate, i.e., fill to satisfaction (literally or figuratively)

וְדָשֵׁ֑ן13 of 22

themselves and waxen fat

H1878

to be fat; transitively, to fatten (or regard as fat); specifically to anoint; figuratively, to satisfy; to remove (fat) ashes (of sacrifices)

וּפָנָ֞ה14 of 22

then will they turn

H6437

to turn; by implication, to face, i.e., appear, look, etc

אֶל15 of 22
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אֱלֹהִ֤ים16 of 22

gods

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אֲחֵרִים֙17 of 22

unto other

H312

properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc

וַֽעֲבָד֔וּם18 of 22

and serve

H5647

to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc

וְנִ֣אֲצ֔וּנִי19 of 22

them and provoke

H5006

to scorn; or (in ecclesiastes 12:5), by interchange for h5132, to bloom

וְהֵפֵ֖ר20 of 22

me and break

H6565

to break up (usually figuratively), i.e., to violate, frustrate

אֶת21 of 22
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בְּרִיתִֽי׃22 of 22

my covenant

H1285

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 31:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 31:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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