King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 21:14 Mean?

Deuteronomy 21:14 in the King James Version says “And it shall be, if thou have no delight in her, then thou shalt let her go whither she will; but thou shalt not sell he... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it shall be, if thou have no delight in her, then thou shalt let her go whither she will; but thou shalt not sell her at all for money, thou shalt not make merchandise of her, because thou hast humbled her.

Deuteronomy 21:14 · KJV


Context

12

Then thou shalt bring her home to thine house; and she shall shave her head, and pare her nails; pare: or, suffer to grow: Heb. make, or, dress

13

And she shall put the raiment of her captivity from off her, and shall remain in thine house, and bewail her father and her mother a full month: and after that thou shalt go in unto her, and be her husband, and she shall be thy wife.

14

And it shall be, if thou have no delight in her, then thou shalt let her go whither she will; but thou shalt not sell her at all for money, thou shalt not make merchandise of her, because thou hast humbled her.

15

If a man have two wives, one beloved, and another hated, and they have born him children, both the beloved and the hated; and if the firstborn son be hers that was hated:

16

Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, which is indeed the firstborn:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And it shall be, if thou have no delight in her, then thou shalt let her go whither she will (וְהָיָה אִם־לֹא חָפַצְתָּ בָּהּ וְשִׁלַּחְתָּהּ לְנַפְשָׁהּ)—If the man loses interest (lo chafatsta, you do not delight), he must shilach lenafshah (send her according to her desire), meaning release her to go where she chooses. This prevents treating her as disposable property once desire wanes.

But thou shalt not sell her at all for money, thou shalt not make merchandise of her, because thou hast humbled her (וְלֹא־תִתְעַמֵּר בָּהּ)—Because he has innah (humbled/violated) her through sexual relations, he cannot profit from her. The verb titammer (make merchandise/treat harshly) is forbidden—she's not chattel to be traded. Having taken her virginity, he owes her permanent protection or freedom, never enslavement.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This protection is remarkable: if the marriage fails, the woman goes free—not back into slavery, not sold for profit. She has more rights than a Hebrew slave (who served six years, Exodus 21:2) or a regular wife divorced without cause. The law severely limits the man's options once he has acted on his desire.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law's prohibition on profiting from someone you've used sexually speak to modern exploitation in prostitution, trafficking, and pornography?
  2. What does it mean that greater intimacy creates greater responsibility—that you cannot simply discard someone whose vulnerability you've accessed?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
וְהָיָ֞ה1 of 17
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

אִם2 of 17
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

לֹ֧א3 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

חָפַ֣צְתָּ4 of 17

And it shall be if thou have no delight

H2654

properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire

בָּ֗הּ5 of 17
H0
וְשִׁלַּחְתָּהּ֙6 of 17

in her then thou shalt let her go

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

לְנַפְשָׁ֔הּ7 of 17

whither she will

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

תִמְכְּרֶ֖נָּה8 of 17

but thou shalt not sell

H4376

to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)

לֹֽא9 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִמְכְּרֶ֖נָּה10 of 17

but thou shalt not sell

H4376

to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)

בַּכָּ֑סֶף11 of 17

for money

H3701

silver (from its pale color); by implication, money

לֹֽא12 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִתְעַמֵּ֣ר13 of 17

thou shalt not make merchandise

H6014

properly, apparently to heap; figuratively, to chastise (as if piling blows); to gather grain

בָּ֔הּ14 of 17
H0
תַּ֖חַת15 of 17
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

אֲשֶׁ֥ר16 of 17

of her because

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

עִנִּיתָֽהּ׃17 of 17

thou hast humbled

H6031

to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 21:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 21:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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