King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 21:11 Mean?

Deuteronomy 21:11 in the King James Version says “And seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and hast a desire unto her, that thou wouldest have her to thy wife; — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and hast a desire unto her, that thou wouldest have her to thy wife;

Deuteronomy 21:11 · KJV


Context

9

So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the LORD.

10

When thou goest forth to war against thine enemies, and the LORD thy God hath delivered them into thine hands, and thou hast taken them captive,

11

And seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and hast a desire unto her, that thou wouldest have her to thy wife;

12

Then thou shalt bring her home to thine house; and she shall shave her head, and pare her nails; pare: or, suffer to grow: Heb. make, or, dress

13

And she shall put the raiment of her captivity from off her, and shall remain in thine house, and bewail her father and her mother a full month: and after that thou shalt go in unto her, and be her husband, and she shall be thy wife.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and hast a desire unto her (וְרָאִיתָ בַּשִּׁבְיָה אֵשֶׁת יְפַת־תֹּאַר וְחָשַׁקְתָּ בָהּ)—The verb chashak (desire) is intense, appearing in Genesis 34:8 of Shechem's desire for Dinah and Psalm 91:14 of God's love for His people. The law acknowledges sexual desire without condemning it, but immediately regulates it to protect the vulnerable woman.

That thou wouldest have her to thy wife (וְלָקַחְתָּ לְךָ לְאִשָּׁה)—The phrase lakach le'ishah means full wife, not concubine or sex slave. The law requires marriage if the man acts on his desire, fundamentally different from treating war captives as sexual property. Protections follow in verses 12-14.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Comparison with other ancient Near Eastern law codes (Hittite, Assyrian) reveals none required marriage for captive women—they were considered spoils of war for sexual use. Deuteronomy elevates the woman to legal wife status, giving her protections unavailable to mere slaves or concubines.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law's requirement of marriage (permanent covenant) rather than temporary sexual use challenge modern casual approaches to sexuality?
  2. In what ways does regulating desire rather than denying it reflect biblical realism about human nature and need for divine law?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וְרָאִיתָ֙1 of 10

And seest

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

בַּשִּׁבְיָ֔ה2 of 10

among the captives

H7633

exile (abstractly or concretely and collectively)

לְאִשָּֽׁה׃3 of 10

to thy wife

H802

a woman

יְפַת4 of 10
H3303

beautiful (literally or figuratively)

תֹּ֑אַר5 of 10

a beautiful

H8389

outline, i.e., figure or appearance

וְחָֽשַׁקְתָּ֣6 of 10

and hast a desire

H2836

to cling, i.e., join, (figuratively) to love, delight in; elliptically; to deliver

בָ֔הּ7 of 10
H0
וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֥8 of 10

unto her that thou wouldest have her

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

לְךָ֖9 of 10
H0
לְאִשָּֽׁה׃10 of 10

to thy wife

H802

a woman


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 21:11 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 21:11 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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