King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 19:10 Mean?

Deuteronomy 19:10 in the King James Version says “That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee.

Deuteronomy 19:10 · KJV


Context

8

And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto thy fathers;

9

If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, beside these three:

10

That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee.

11

But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these cities: mortally: Heb. in life

12

Then the elders of his city shall send and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
That innocent blood be not shed in thy land (וְלֹא יִשָּׁפֵךְ דָּם נָקִי בְּקֶרֶב אַרְצְךָ, velo yishafech dam naki bekerev artzecha)—dam naki (innocent blood) refers both to murder victims and to manslayers wrongly killed by vengeance. Shafach (shed, poured out) emphasizes the gravity of bloodshed, which defiles the land.

Which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee—corporate guilt for innocent blood pollutes the entire community. Numbers 35:33 states, 'Blood defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it.' The cities of refuge prevent two kinds of blood-guilt: (1) unpunished murder, and (2) killing the innocent manslayer. God's justice system protects both victim's rights and accused's rights, maintaining the land's sanctity. This principle underlies Jesus's warning about Jerusalem's blood-guilt (Matthew 23:35) and the crowd's terrible cry, 'His blood be on us, and on our children' (Matthew 27:25).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures recognized that innocent blood cried out for vengeance and polluted the land (Genesis 4:10). Israel's system was unique in providing institutional protection for the accidental killer while still maintaining justice for murder. The land theology—that Canaan was God's gift requiring holiness—meant bloodshed had spiritual consequences beyond individual guilt. This explains passages like Deuteronomy 21:1-9, where an unsolved murder requires communal atonement ritual. The principle that land is defiled by violence and injustice appears throughout Scripture.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the concept of corporate responsibility for injustice challenge modern individualism?
  2. In what ways does Christ's shed blood cleanse the guilt that innocent blood brings upon humanity?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וְלֹ֤א1 of 15
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִשָּׁפֵךְ֙2 of 15

be not shed

H8210

to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal; or even a solid, i.e., to mound up); also (figuratively) to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc

דָּמִֽים׃3 of 15

and so blood

H1818

blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe

נָקִ֔י4 of 15

That innocent

H5355

innocent

בְּקֶ֣רֶב5 of 15

in

H7130

properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)

אַרְצְךָ֔6 of 15

thy land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

אֲשֶׁר֙7 of 15
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יְהוָ֣ה8 of 15

which the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ9 of 15

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

נֹתֵ֥ן10 of 15

giveth

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

לְךָ֖11 of 15
H0
נַֽחֲלָ֑ה12 of 15

thee for an inheritance

H5159

properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion

וְהָיָ֥ה13 of 15
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

עָלֶ֖יךָ14 of 15
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

דָּמִֽים׃15 of 15

and so blood

H1818

blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 19:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 19:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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