King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 17:3 Mean?

Deuteronomy 17:3 in the King James Version says “And hath gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, either the sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And hath gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, either the sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I have not commanded;

Deuteronomy 17:3 · KJV


Context

1

Thou shalt not sacrifice unto the LORD thy God any bullock, or sheep, wherein is blemish, or any evilfavouredness : for that is an abomination unto the LORD thy God. sheep: or, goat

2

If there be found among you, within any of thy gates which the LORD thy God giveth thee, man or woman, that hath wrought wickedness in the sight of the LORD thy God, in transgressing his covenant,

3

And hath gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, either the sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I have not commanded;

4

And it be told thee, and thou hast heard of it, and enquired diligently, and, behold, it be true, and the thing certain, that such abomination is wrought in Israel:

5

Then shalt thou bring forth that man or that woman, which have committed that wicked thing, unto thy gates, even that man or that woman, and shalt stone them with stones, till they die.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Served other gods, and worshipped them (עָבַד, avad; שָׁחָה, shachah)—two Hebrew verbs: 'served' (enslavement, working for) and 'bowed down' (physical prostration). Idolatry involves both internal allegiance and external ritual.

Specific examples: the sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven (צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם, tzeva hashamayim)—astral worship prevalent in Mesopotamia and Canaan. Star-worship appears sophisticated—observing creation's order—but which I have not commanded exposes the problem: God commands worship, not human reason or cultural practice. Romans 1:25 describes this: worshiping creation rather than Creator. Josiah's reforms targeted precisely this (2 Kings 23:5).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Astral deities dominated ancient Near Eastern religion: Shamash (sun god), Sin (moon god), Ishtar (Venus). These weren't primitive superstitions but sophisticated cosmologies linking celestial cycles to agriculture, governance, and fate. Israel's temptation toward astral worship intensified during Assyrian dominance (2 Kings 21:3-5). Deuteronomy 4:19 warns against this specific idolatry.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does worshiping creation (nature, science, 'the universe') rather than the Creator manifest in modern secular thought?
  2. What cultural practices seem reasonable or sophisticated but contradict God's explicit commands?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ1 of 16
H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

וַֽיַּעֲבֹד֙2 of 16

and served

H5647

to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc

אֱלֹהִ֣ים3 of 16

gods

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אֲחֵרִ֔ים4 of 16

other

H312

properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc

וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ5 of 16

and worshipped

H7812

to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)

לָהֶ֑ם6 of 16
H0
וְלַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ׀7 of 16

them either the sun

H8121

the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement

א֣וֹ8 of 16
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

לַיָּרֵ֗חַ9 of 16

or moon

H3394

the moon

א֛וֹ10 of 16
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

לְכָל11 of 16
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

צְבָ֥א12 of 16

or any of the host

H6635

a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci

הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם13 of 16

of heaven

H8064

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r

אֲשֶׁ֥ר14 of 16
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לֹֽא15 of 16
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

צִוִּֽיתִי׃16 of 16

which I have not commanded

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 17:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 17:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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