King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 15:3 Mean?

Deuteronomy 15:3 in the King James Version says “Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again: but that which is thine with thy brother thine hand shall release; — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again: but that which is thine with thy brother thine hand shall release;

Deuteronomy 15:3 · KJV


Context

1

At the end of every seven years thou shalt make a release.

2

And this is the manner of the release: Every creditor that lendeth ought unto his neighbour shall release it; he shall not exact it of his neighbour, or of his brother; because it is called the LORD'S release. creditor: Heb. master of the lending of his hand

3

Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again: but that which is thine with thy brother thine hand shall release;

4

Save when there shall be no poor among you; for the LORD shall greatly bless thee in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to possess it: Save: or, To the end that there be no poor among you

5

Only if thou carefully hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all these commandments which I command thee this day.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again: but that which is thine with thy brother thine hand shall release. The distinction between foreigners and brothers reveals the covenant basis of sabbatical release. Special obligations exist within the covenant community that do not extend to outside commercial relationships.

Debts owed by foreigners (non-Israelites) could still be collected, as they were not part of the covenant community subject to Israel's internal social legislation. This maintained normal commercial relationships with surrounding nations while creating special economic mercy among God's people.

The phrase that which is thine with thy brother emphasizes covenant family relationship. Fellow Israelites were not merely business associates but brothers in covenant, sharing special bonds requiring mutual care and periodic economic restoration.

This parallels New Testament teaching about special obligations to the household of faith (Galatians 6:10). While Christians should do good to all, they bear particular responsibility for fellow believers' welfare.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Israel engaged in regular trade and commerce with surrounding nations. The sabbatical release did not require forgiving all international debts, which would have been economically unsustainable and likely prompted foreign avoidance of loans to Israelites.

The distinction allowed Israel to maintain normal commercial relationships externally while implementing radical grace-based economics internally among the covenant community.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why did God distinguish between covenant brothers and foreigners in debt forgiveness?
  2. What does this teach about special obligations within the covenant community?
  3. How does this principle apply to Christian responsibility toward fellow believers?
  4. What would have happened if debt release had applied to all international commerce?
  5. How should balance between care for all people and special care for believers be maintained?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
אֶת1 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַנָּכְרִ֖י2 of 10

Of a foreigner

H5237

strange, in a variety of degrees and applications (foreign, non-relative, adulterous, different, wonderful)

תִּגֹּ֑שׂ3 of 10

thou mayest exact

H5065

to drive (an animal, a workman, a debtor, an army); by implication, to tax, harass, tyrannize

וַֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר4 of 10
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יִֽהְיֶ֥ה5 of 10
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לְךָ֛6 of 10
H0
אֶת7 of 10
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

אָחִ֖יךָ8 of 10

it again but that which is thine with thy brother

H251

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

תַּשְׁמֵ֥ט9 of 10

shall release

H8058

to fling down; incipiently to jostle; figuratively, to let alone, desist, remit

יָדֶֽךָ׃10 of 10

thine hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 15:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 15:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study