King James Version

What Does Acts 5:39 Mean?

Acts 5:39 in the King James Version says “But if it be of God, ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. — study this verse from Acts chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But if it be of God, ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply ye be found even to fight against God.

Acts 5:39 · KJV


Context

37

After this man rose up Judas of Galilee in the days of the taxing, and drew away much people after him: he also perished; and all, even as many as obeyed him, were dispersed. obeyed: or, believed

38

And now I say unto you, Refrain from these men, and let them alone: for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will come to nought:

39

But if it be of God, ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply ye be found even to fight against God.

40

And to him they agreed: and when they had called the apostles, and beaten them, they commanded that they should not speak in the name of Jesus, and let them go.

41

And they departed from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Gamaliel's warning climaxes with the sobering possibility of fighting 'against God' (Greek: theomachoi). This phrase captures the futility and danger of opposing divine purposes. While Gamaliel spoke better than he knew, his logic is sound: human power cannot overthrow what God establishes. This principle comforts persecuted believers—our vindication is certain because God's purposes cannot fail. No weapon formed against God's work shall prosper.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The concept of fighting God appeared in Greek literature describing Titans' futile war against Zeus. Jewish theology understood opposing God's prophets as opposing God Himself. Gamaliel's warning carried weight because Pharisees believed in divine providence governing history, unlike materialistic Sadducees.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the impossibility of successfully fighting God encourage believers facing powerful opposition?
  2. In what areas might we unwittingly fight against God by opposing what we fail to recognize as His work?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 13 words
εἰ1 of 13

if

G1487

if, whether, that, etc

δὲ2 of 13

But

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐκ3 of 13

of

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

θεοῦ4 of 13

God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

ἐστιν5 of 13

it be

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

οὐ6 of 13

ye cannot

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

δύνασθε7 of 13
G1410

to be able or possible

καταλῦσαι8 of 13

overthrow

G2647

to loosen down (disintegrate), i.e., (by implication) to demolish (literally or figuratively); specially (compare g2646) to halt for the night

αὐτὸ,9 of 13

it

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

μήποτε10 of 13

lest haply

G3379

not ever; also if (or lest) ever (or perhaps)

καὶ11 of 13

even

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

θεομάχοι12 of 13

to fight against God

G2314

an opponent of deity

εὑρεθῆτε13 of 13

ye be found

G2147

to find (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Acts. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Acts 5:39 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Acts 5:39 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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