King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 5:12 Mean?

2 Samuel 5:12 in the King James Version says “And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his peop... — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's sake.

2 Samuel 5:12 · KJV


Context

10

And David went on, and grew great, and the LORD God of hosts was with him. went: Heb. went, going and growing

11

And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons : and they built David an house. masons: Heb. hewers of the stone of the wall

12

And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's sake.

13

And David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, after he was come from Hebron: and there were yet sons and daughters born to David.

14

And these be the names of those that were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shammua, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's sake.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Israel, emphasizing God establishing His chosen king. David's anointing as king over all Israel fulfills promises made years earlier (1 Samuel 16:13). The conquest of Jerusalem and establishment of it as capital demonstrates God's blessing. Military victories over Philistines show divine enablement. Theological themes include God's faithfulness to promises, the importance of proper locations for worship, and divine empowerment for tasks God assigns.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 5 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding God establishing His chosen king provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of God establishing His chosen king?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַיֵּ֣דַע1 of 14

perceived

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

דָּוִ֔ד2 of 14

And David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

כִּֽי3 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

הֱכִינ֧וֹ4 of 14

had established

H3559

properly, to be erect (i.e., stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix,

יְהוָ֛ה5 of 14

that the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

לְמֶ֖לֶךְ6 of 14

him king

H4428

a king

עַל7 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃8 of 14

Israel's

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וְכִי֙9 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

נִשֵּׂ֣א10 of 14

and that he had exalted

H5375

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

מַמְלַכְתּ֔וֹ11 of 14

his kingdom

H4467

dominion, i.e., (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm)

בַּֽעֲב֖וּר12 of 14
H5668

properly, crossed, i.e., (abstractly) transit; used only adverbially, on account of, in order that

עַמּ֥וֹ13 of 14

for his people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃14 of 14

Israel's

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 5:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 5:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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