King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 17:2 Mean?

2 Samuel 17:2 in the King James Version says “And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak handed, and will make him afraid: and all the people that are with h... — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak handed, and will make him afraid: and all the people that are with him shall flee; and I will smite the king only:

2 Samuel 17:2 · KJV


Context

1

Moreover Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Let me now choose out twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night:

2

And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak handed, and will make him afraid: and all the people that are with him shall flee; and I will smite the king only:

3

And I will bring back all the people unto thee: the man whom thou seekest is as if all returned: so all the people shall be in peace.

4

And the saying pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of Israel. pleased: Heb. was right in the eyes of, etc


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak handed, and will make him afraid: and all the people that are with him shall flee; and I will smite the king only:

This verse contributes to the narrative of Competing Counsel, emphasizing divine providence over human wisdom. The contrast between Ahithophel's shrewd counsel and Hushai's divinely-blessed alternative demonstrates God's providential control over human wisdom. The text explicitly states "the LORD had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel" (v. 14), emphasizing divine sovereignty. Ahithophel's suicide demonstrates despair when human wisdom fails. Theological themes include God's sovereignty over human planning, divine protection of His anointed, and the inadequacy of worldly wisdom apart from God.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 17 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding divine providence over human wisdom provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of divine providence over human wisdom?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
וְאָב֣וֹא1 of 17

And I will come

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

עָלָ֗יו2 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

וְה֤וּא3 of 17
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

יָגֵ֙עַ֙4 of 17

upon him while he is weary

H3023

tired; hence (transitive) tiresome

וּרְפֵ֣ה5 of 17

and weak

H7504

slack (in body or mind)

יָדַ֔יִם6 of 17

handed

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וְהַֽחֲרַדְתִּ֣י7 of 17

and will make him afraid

H2729

to shudder with terror; hence, to fear; also to hasten (with anxiety)

אֹת֔וֹ8 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

וְנָ֖ס9 of 17

that are with him shall flee

H5127

to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)

כָּל10 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָעָ֣ם11 of 17

and all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

אֲשֶׁר12 of 17
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אִתּ֑וֹ13 of 17
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י14 of 17

and I will smite

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

אֶת15 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ16 of 17

the king

H4428

a king

לְבַדּֽוֹ׃17 of 17
H905

properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 17:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 17:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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