King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 30:1 Mean?

1 Samuel 30:1 in the King James Version says “And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the so... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 30 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire;

1 Samuel 30:1 · KJV


Context

1

And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire;

2

And had taken the women captives, that were therein: they slew not any, either great or small, but carried them away, and went on their way.

3

So David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were taken captives.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
David's arrival at Ziklag on 'the third day' places him away from both armies when Gilboa's battle decides Saul's fate. The discovery of Amalekite destruction creates personal crisis amid national transition. The Hebrew 'pashetu' (invaded) and 'wayyakku' (smote) describe military assault, while 'wayyisrefu-ha ba'esh' (burned it with fire) indicates total destruction. David, having avoided one disaster by being dismissed from the Philistine army, immediately faces another: his own base destroyed and families captured.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Amalekites' raid while David was with the Philistine army shows sophisticated intelligence-gathering or opportunistic timing. The Negev settlements were vulnerable with their defenders away, making this an ideal moment for raiding.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do multiple crises sometimes converge in your life?
  2. What does it mean that deliverance from one difficulty often leads directly to another?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
וַיְהִ֞י1 of 19
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בְּבֹ֨א2 of 19

were come

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

דָוִ֧ד3 of 19

And it came to pass when David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֛יו4 of 19
H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

צִ֣קְלַ֔ג5 of 19

Ziklag

H6860

tsiklag or tsikelag, a place in palestine

בַּיּ֣וֹם6 of 19

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י7 of 19

on the third

H7992

third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)

וַעֲמָֽלֵקִ֣י8 of 19

that the Amalekites

H6003

an amalekite (or collectively the amalekites) or descendants of amalek

פָֽשְׁט֗וּ9 of 19

had invaded

H6584

to spread out (i.e., deploy in hostile array); by analogy, to strip (i.e., unclothe, plunder, flay, etc.)

אֶל10 of 19
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

נֶ֙גֶב֙11 of 19

the south

H5045

the south (from its drought); specifically, the negeb or southern district of judah, occasionally, egypt (as south to palestine)

וְאֶל12 of 19
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

צִ֣קְלַ֔ג13 of 19

Ziklag

H6860

tsiklag or tsikelag, a place in palestine

וַיַּכּוּ֙14 of 19

and smitten

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

אֶת15 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

צִ֣קְלַ֔ג16 of 19

Ziklag

H6860

tsiklag or tsikelag, a place in palestine

וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ17 of 19

and burned

H8313

to be (causatively, set) on fire

אֹתָ֖הּ18 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בָּאֵֽשׁ׃19 of 19

it with fire

H784

fire (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 30:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 30:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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