King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 22:20 Mean?

1 Samuel 22:20 in the King James Version says “And one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David.

1 Samuel 22:20 · KJV


Context

18

And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod.

19

And Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the edge of the sword, both men and women, children and sucklings, and oxen, and asses, and sheep, with the edge of the sword.

20

And one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David.

21

And Abiathar shewed David that Saul had slain the LORD'S priests.

22

And David said unto Abiathar, I knew it that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul: I have occasioned the death of all the persons of thy father's house.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David.

Abiathar's escape preserves the priestly line amid catastrophe. The Hebrew 'vayimmalet' (escaped) suggests narrow deliverance from the slaughter. His flight 'after David' (acharei David) literally placed him in the fugitive's camp but figuratively aligned him with God's chosen king. Abiathar would become David's priest, bringing the ephod for divine consultation (23:6). From massacre came the priest who would serve the true king. This single survivor demonstrates God's preservation of His purposes—even through tragedy, the priestly line continued. Abiathar's escape fulfilled God's covenant faithfulness while Saul's violence fulfilled Eli's judgment.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Abiathar would serve as David's priest throughout his reign until Solomon removed him for supporting Adonijah (1 Kings 2:26-27). His survival ensured continuity of the Levitical priesthood. The ephod he brought became crucial for David's inquiries of God.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God preserve His purposes even through devastating tragedy?
  2. What does Abiathar's escape and allegiance to David teach about providence amid persecution?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַיִּמָּלֵ֣ט1 of 11

escaped

H4422

properly, to be smooth, i.e., (by implication) to escape (as if by slipperiness); causatively, to release or rescue; specifically, to bring forth youn

בֶּן2 of 11

of the sons

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

אֶחָ֗ד3 of 11

And one

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

לַֽאֲחִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙4 of 11

of Ahimelech

H288

achimelek, the name of an israelite and of a hittite

בֶּן5 of 11

of the sons

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

אֲחִט֔וּב6 of 11

of Ahitub

H285

achitub, the name of several priests

וּשְׁמ֖וֹ7 of 11

named

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

אֶבְיָתָ֑ר8 of 11

Abiathar

H54

ebjathar, an israelite

וַיִּבְרַ֖ח9 of 11

and fled

H1272

to bolt, i.e., figuratively, to flee suddenly

אַֽחֲרֵ֥י10 of 11

after

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

דָוִֽד׃11 of 11

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 22:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 22:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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